Hystrix工作流程解析

搭建Hystrix源码阅读环境

引入依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.netflix.hystrix</groupId>
            <artifactId>hystrix-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.12</version>
        </dependency>

创建Command类

public class HelloCommand extends HystrixCommand<String> {

    public HelloCommand() {
        super(HystrixCommandGroupKey.Factory.asKey("test"));
    }

    @Override
    protected String run() throws Exception {
        Thread.sleep(800);
        return "sucess";
    }

    @Override
    protected String getFallback() {
        System.out.println("执行了回退方法");
        return "error";
    }

}

创建测试类

public class CommandTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HelloCommand command = new HelloCommand();
        String result = command.execute();
        System.out.println(result);
    }
}

Hystrix工作流程

首先我们看一下上方的这张图，这个图完整的描述了Hystrix的工作流程：

1.每次调用都会创建一个HystrixCommand

2.执行execute或queue做同步\异步调用

3.判断熔断器是否打开,如果打开跳到步骤8，否则进入步骤4

4.判断线程池/信号量是否跑满，如果跑满进入步骤8,否则进入步骤5

5.调用HystrixCommand的run方法，如果调用超时进入步骤8

6.判断是否调用成功，返回成功调用结果，如果失败进入步骤8

7.计算熔断器状态,所有的运行状态(成功, 失败, 拒绝,超时)上报给熔断器，用于统计从而判断熔断器状态

8.降级处理逻辑，根据上方的步骤可以得出以下四种情况会进入降级处理：

1. 熔断器打开
2. 线程池/信号量跑满
3. 调用超时
4. 调用失败

9.返回执行成功结果

创建HystrixCommand

接着我们结合源码看一下这个调用流程，直接执行测试类的main方法，可以看到入口就在execute方法上

    public R execute() {
        try {
            return queue().get();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw Exceptions.sneakyThrow(decomposeException(e));
        }
    }

执行同步方法

public Future<R> queue() {
        final Future<R> delegate = toObservable().toBlocking().toFuture();
        //省略。。。
};

接着看toObservable()方法

 public Observable<R> toObservable() {
        //省略。。。
        return Observable.defer(new Func0<Observable<R>>() {
            @Override
            public Observable<R> call() {
                if (!commandState.compareAndSet(CommandState.NOT_STARTED, CommandState.OBSERVABLE_CHAIN_CREATED)) {
                    IllegalStateException ex = new IllegalStateException("This instance can only be executed once. Please instantiate a new instance.");
                    //TODO make a new error type for this
                    throw new HystrixRuntimeException(FailureType.BAD_REQUEST_EXCEPTION, _cmd.getClass(), getLogMessagePrefix() + " command executed multiple times - this is not permitted.", ex, null);
                }

                commandStartTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();

                if (properties.requestLogEnabled().get()) {
                    // log this command execution regardless of what happened
                    if (currentRequestLog != null) {
                        currentRequestLog.addExecutedCommand(_cmd);
                    }
                }

                final boolean requestCacheEnabled = isRequestCachingEnabled();
                final String cacheKey = getCacheKey();
                //如果开启请求缓存则查询缓存是否存在
                if (requestCacheEnabled) {
                    HystrixCommandResponseFromCache<R> fromCache = (HystrixCommandResponseFromCache<R>) requestCache.get(cacheKey);
                    if (fromCache != null) {
                        isResponseFromCache = true;
                        return handleRequestCacheHitAndEmitValues(fromCache, _cmd);
                    }
                }

                Observable<R> hystrixObservable =
                        Observable.defer(applyHystrixSemantics)
                                .map(wrapWithAllOnNextHooks);

                Observable<R> afterCache;

                if (requestCacheEnabled && cacheKey != null) {
                    HystrixCachedObservable<R> toCache = HystrixCachedObservable.from(hystrixObservable, _cmd);
                    HystrixCommandResponseFromCache<R> fromCache = (HystrixCommandResponseFromCache<R>) requestCache.putIfAbsent(cacheKey, toCache);
                    if (fromCache != null) {
                        // another thread beat us so we'll use the cached value instead
                        toCache.unsubscribe();
                        isResponseFromCache = true;
                        return handleRequestCacheHitAndEmitValues(fromCache, _cmd);
                    } else {
                        // we just created an ObservableCommand so we cast and return it
                        afterCache = toCache.toObservable();
                    }
                } else {
                    afterCache = hystrixObservable;
                }

                return afterCache
                        .doOnTerminate(terminateCommandCleanup)     // perform cleanup once (either on normal terminal state (this line), or unsubscribe (next line))
                        .doOnUnsubscribe(unsubscribeCommandCleanup) // perform cleanup once
                        .doOnCompleted(fireOnCompletedHook);
            }
        });
    }

在上面这个方法中会有一个缓存的判断，如果存在缓存的话直接返回结果，否则进入方法applyHystrixSemantics方法

判断熔断器和线程池以及信号量

private Observable<R> applyHystrixSemantics(final AbstractCommand<R> _cmd) {
        executionHook.onStart(_cmd);

        /* determine if we're allowed to execute */
        //判断是否开启熔断器
        if (circuitBreaker.attemptExecution()) {
            //获取信号量实例
            final TryableSemaphore executionSemaphore = getExecutionSemaphore();
            final AtomicBoolean semaphoreHasBeenReleased = new AtomicBoolean(false);
            final Action0 singleSemaphoreRelease = new Action0() {
                @Override
                public void call() {
                    if (semaphoreHasBeenReleased.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
                        executionSemaphore.release();
                    }
                }
            };

            final Action1<Throwable> markExceptionThrown = new Action1<Throwable>() {
                @Override
                public void call(Throwable t) {
                    eventNotifier.markEvent(HystrixEventType.EXCEPTION_THROWN, commandKey);
                }
            };
            //尝试获取信号量
            if (executionSemaphore.tryAcquire()) {
                try {
                    /* used to track userThreadExecutionTime */
                    executionResult = executionResult.setInvocationStartTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
                    return executeCommandAndObserve(_cmd)
                            .doOnError(markExceptionThrown)
                            .doOnTerminate(singleSemaphoreRelease)
                            .doOnUnsubscribe(singleSemaphoreRelease);
                } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                    return Observable.error(e);
                }
            } else {
                //拒绝
                return handleSemaphoreRejectionViaFallback();
            }
        } else {
            //失败
            return handleShortCircuitViaFallback();
        }
    }

在applyHystrixSemantics方法中，首先会判断是否开启熔断器，如果开启则直接进入失败处理的逻辑。否则会尝试获取信号量（如果使用的是线程池的模式则默认获取成功），获取成功进入executeCommandAndObserve方法

判断超时

private Observable<R> executeCommandAndObserve(final AbstractCommand<R> _cmd) {
        final HystrixRequestContext currentRequestContext = HystrixRequestContext.getContextForCurrentThread();
        //省略...

        //判断是否开启超时设置
        if (properties.executionTimeoutEnabled().get()) {
           //list添加超时操作
            execution = executeCommandWithSpecifiedIsolation(_cmd)
                    .lift(new HystrixObservableTimeoutOperator<R>(_cmd));
        } else {
            execution = executeCommandWithSpecifiedIsolation(_cmd);
        }

这里如果设置超时时间的话则会加上一个超时的处理，接着看executeCommandWithSpecifiedIsolation方法

private Observable<R> executeCommandWithSpecifiedIsolation(final AbstractCommand<R> _cmd) {
        if (properties.executionIsolationStrategy().get() == ExecutionIsolationStrategy.THREAD) {
            return Observable.defer(new Func0<Observable<R>>() {
                @Override
                public Observable<R> call() {
                    executionResult = executionResult.setExecutionOccurred();
                    if (!commandState.compareAndSet(CommandState.OBSERVABLE_CHAIN_CREATED, CommandState.USER_CODE_EXECUTED)) {
                        return Observable.error(new IllegalStateException("execution attempted while in state : " + commandState.get().name()));
                    }
                    metrics.markCommandStart(commandKey, threadPoolKey, ExecutionIsolationStrategy.THREAD);

                    if (isCommandTimedOut.get() == TimedOutStatus.TIMED_OUT) {
                        return Observable.error(new RuntimeException("timed out before executing run()"));
                    }
                    if (threadState.compareAndSet(ThreadState.NOT_USING_THREAD, ThreadState.STARTED)) {
                        HystrixCounters.incrementGlobalConcurrentThreads();
                        threadPool.markThreadExecution();
                        // store the command that is being run
                        endCurrentThreadExecutingCommand = Hystrix.startCurrentThreadExecutingCommand(getCommandKey());
                        executionResult = executionResult.setExecutedInThread();

                        try {
                            executionHook.onThreadStart(_cmd);
                            executionHook.onRunStart(_cmd);
                            executionHook.onExecutionStart(_cmd);
                            return getUserExecutionObservable(_cmd);
                        } catch (Throwable ex) {
                            return Observable.error(ex);
                        }
                    } else {
                        return Observable.empty();
                    }
                }
            }).doOnTerminate(new Action0() {
                @Override
                public void call() {
                    if (threadState.compareAndSet(ThreadState.STARTED, ThreadState.TERMINAL)) {
                        handleThreadEnd(_cmd);
                    }
                    if (threadState.compareAndSet(ThreadState.NOT_USING_THREAD, ThreadState.TERMINAL)) {
                    }
                }
            }).doOnUnsubscribe(new Action0() {
                @Override
                public void call() {
                    if (threadState.compareAndSet(ThreadState.STARTED, ThreadState.UNSUBSCRIBED)) {
                        handleThreadEnd(_cmd);
                    }
                    if (threadState.compareAndSet(ThreadState.NOT_USING_THREAD, ThreadState.UNSUBSCRIBED)) {
                    }
                }
            }).subscribeOn(threadPool.getScheduler(new Func0<Boolean>() {
                @Override
                public Boolean call() {
                    return properties.executionIsolationThreadInterruptOnTimeout().get() && _cmd.isCommandTimedOut.get() == TimedOutStatus.TIMED_OUT;
                }
            }));
        } else {
            return Observable.defer(new Func0<Observable<R>>() {
                @Override
                public Observable<R> call() {
                    executionResult = executionResult.setExecutionOccurred();
                    if (!commandState.compareAndSet(CommandState.OBSERVABLE_CHAIN_CREATED, CommandState.USER_CODE_EXECUTED)) {
                        return Observable.error(new IllegalStateException("execution attempted while in state : " + commandState.get().name()));
                    }

                    metrics.markCommandStart(commandKey, threadPoolKey, ExecutionIsolationStrategy.SEMAPHORE);
                    // semaphore isolated
                    // store the command that is being run
                    endCurrentThreadExecutingCommand = Hystrix.startCurrentThreadExecutingCommand(getCommandKey());
                    try {
                        executionHook.onRunStart(_cmd);
                        executionHook.onExecutionStart(_cmd);
                        return getUserExecutionObservable(_cmd);  //the getUserExecutionObservable method already wraps sync exceptions, so this shouldn't throw
                    } catch (Throwable ex) {
                        //If the above hooks throw, then use that as the result of the run method
                        return Observable.error(ex);
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    }

这段代码比较长，具体的执行逻辑为：

1. 进入方法会首先判断隔离策略，如果是使用的信号量模式则在当前线程上执行，否则进入下方的线程池逻辑
2. 更改HystrixCommand的状态为USER_CODE_EXECUTED
3. 判断HystrixCommand的超时状态，如果超时则抛出异常
4. 更改当前command的线程执行状态为STARTED
5. 调用getUserExecutionObservable执行具体的业务逻辑，也就是我们实现的那个run方法
6. doOnTerminate：执行完毕后更改线程状态为TERMINAL
7. doOnUnsubscribe：当Observable被取消订阅，更改线程状态为TERMINAL
8. subscribeOn：指定scheduler

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