MySQL/MariaDB数据库的主主复制

　　　　　　MySQL/MariaDB数据库的主主复制

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　作者：尹正杰

一.主主复制概述

1>.什么是主主复制

　　所谓的主主复制，说白了就是两台节点互为主从关系。

2>.主主复制考虑要点

　　由于主主复制，2个MySQL实例均可以进行写操作，需要考虑客户端在Innodb存储引擎中对同一行的操作，以及自动增长id的关系。

3>.主主复制的缺点

　　由于2个节点都可以进行写操作，很容易产生数据不一致的问题,因此生产环境中咱们得慎用呀！
　　一般情况下主从复制就够用了,考虑到可用性的话可以对master节点使用keepalived做一个高可用即可~

二.主主复制实战

1>.试验环境说明

[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6. (Core)
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# uname -r
3.10.-.el7.x86_64
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# uname -m
x86_64
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           .7G        239M        .0G         24M        446M        .2G
Swap:          .9G          0B        .9G
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql --version
mysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 5.5.-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点信息

[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6. (Core)
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# uname -r
3.10.-.el7.x86_64
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# uname -m
x86_64
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           .7G        245M        .9G        8.6M        552M        .2G
Swap:          .9G          0B        .9G
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql --verwsion
mysql: unknown option '--verwsion'
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql --version
mysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 5.5.-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点信息

2>.编辑node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点的my.cnf配置文件

[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id                =         　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#为当前节点设置一个全局惟一的ID号,用于标识当前MySQL实例
binlog_format            = row     　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#推荐使用基于行数据的复制
log_bin                  = /data/mysql/logbin/master-   　　#需要启用二进制日志,生产环境建议和数据文件分开放存放
relay_log                = relay-log-  　　　　　　　　　　　　#relay log的文件路径，默认值hostname-relay-bin
relay_log_index          = relay-log-.index 　　  　　　　　　#默认值hostname-relay-bin.index
auto_increment_offset    =            　　　　　　　  　　　　　　#指定当前实例自动增长的开始数字
auto_increment_increment =        　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　#指定当前实例自动增长的幅度
character-set-server     = utf8mb4　　
default_storage_engine   = InnoDB
datadir                  = /var/lib/mysql
socket                   = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
 
[mysqld_safe]
log-error                = /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file                 = /var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
 
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
 
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

3>.启动node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点的MySQL实例

[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mkdir -pv /data/mysql/logbin/　　　　　　#创建二进制日志存放目录
mkdir: created directory ‘/data’
mkdir: created directory ‘/data/mysql’
mkdir: created directory ‘/data/mysql/logbin/’
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/mysql/logbin/
total
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mkdir -pv /data/mysql/logbin/　　 #创建二进制日志存放目录

[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll -d /data/mysql/logbin/
drwxr-xr-x  root root  Nov   : /data/mysql/logbin/
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/logbin/　　#切记要授权!
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll -d /data/mysql/logbin/
drwxr-xr-x  mysql mysql  Nov   : /data/mysql/logbin/
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/logbin/　　#切记要授权!

[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/mysql/logbin/
total
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/
total
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl start mariadb　　　　　　#启动数据库
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/mysql/logbin/
total
-rw-rw----  mysql mysql   Nov   : master-102.000001
-rw-rw----  mysql mysql  Nov   : master-102.000002
-rw-rw----  mysql mysql     Nov   : master-102.000003
-rw-rw----  mysql mysql     Nov   : master-.index
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/
total
-rw-rw----  mysql mysql     Nov   : aria_log.
-rw-rw----  mysql mysql        Nov   : aria_log_control
-rw-rw----  mysql mysql  Nov   : ibdata1
-rw-rw----  mysql mysql   Nov   : ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----  mysql mysql   Nov   : ib_logfile1
drwx------  mysql mysql      Nov   : mysql
srwxrwxrwx  mysql mysql         Nov   : mysql.sock
drwx------  mysql mysql      Nov   : performance_schema
drwx------  mysql mysql         Nov   : test
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl start mariadb　　　　　　#启动数据库

4>.在node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点上创建有复制权限的用户账号

[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is
Server version: 5.5.-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
Copyright (c) , , Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW MASTER LOGS;
+-------------------+-----------+
| Log_name          | File_size |
+-------------------+-----------+
| master-102.000001 |      |
| master-102.000002 |     |
| master-102.000003 |        |
+-------------------+-----------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'copy'@'172.30.1.10%' IDENTIFIED BY 'yinzhengjie';
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW MASTER LOGS;
+-------------------+-----------+
| Log_name          | File_size |
+-------------------+-----------+
| master-102.000001 |      |
| master-102.000002 |     |
| master-102.000003 |        |
+-------------------+-----------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT user,host,password FROM mysql.user;
+------+----------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host                       | password                                  |
+------+----------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost                  |                                           |
| root | node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn |                                           |
| root | 127.0.0.1                  |                                           |
| root | ::                        |                                           |
|      | localhost                  |                                           |
|      | node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn |                                           |
| copy | 172.30.1.10%               | *BD0B1F48FDC55BD27555FC2F22FF29A68A25A1D7 |
+------+----------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]>

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'copy'@'172.30.1.10%' IDENTIFIED BY 'yinzhengjie';

5>.编辑node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点的my.cnf配置文件

[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id                =
binlog_format            = row
log_bin                  = /data/mysql/logbin/master-
relay_log                = relay-log-
relay_log_index          = relay-log-.index
auto_increment_offset    = 　　　　　　　　#注意这个起始位置不要和node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn配置一样哟
auto_increment_increment =
character-set-server     = utf8mb4
default_storage_engine   = InnoDB
datadir                  = /var/lib/mysql
socket                   = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
 
[mysqld_safe]
log-error                = /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file                 = /var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
 
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

6>.启动node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点的MySQL实例

[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# install -d /data/mysql/logbin -o mysql -g mysql　　　　#创建存放的二进制目录
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll -d /data/mysql/logbin/
drwxr-xr-x  mysql mysql  Nov   : /data/mysql/logbin/
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/mysql/logbin/
total
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# install -d /data/mysql/logbin -o mysql -g mysql　　　　#创建存放的二进制目录

[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/
total
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/mysql/logbin/
total
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/
total
-rw-rw----  mysql mysql     Nov   : aria_log.
-rw-rw----  mysql mysql        Nov   : aria_log_control
-rw-rw----  mysql mysql  Nov   : ibdata1
-rw-rw----  mysql mysql   Nov   : ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----  mysql mysql   Nov   : ib_logfile1
drwx------  mysql mysql      Nov   : mysql
srwxrwxrwx  mysql mysql         Nov   : mysql.sock
drwx------  mysql mysql      Nov   : performance_schema
drwx------  mysql mysql         Nov   : test
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/mysql/logbin/
total
-rw-rw----  mysql mysql   Nov   : master-103.000001
-rw-rw----  mysql mysql  Nov   : master-103.000002
-rw-rw----  mysql mysql     Nov   : master-103.000003
-rw-rw----  mysql mysql     Nov   : master-.index
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl start mariadb

7>.配置两节点互为主主节点并验证

[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is
Server version: 5.5.-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
Copyright (c) , , Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO
    -> MASTER_HOST='172.30.1.102',
    -> MASTER_USER='copy',
    -> MASTER_PASSWORD='yinzhengjie',
    -> MASTER_PORT=,
    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-102.000003',
    -> MASTER_LOG_POS=,
    -> MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=;
Query OK,  rows affected (0.01 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW PROCESSLIST;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+----------+
| Id | User | Host      | db   | Command | Time | State | Info             | Progress |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+----------+
|  | root | localhost | NULL | Query   |     | NULL  | SHOW PROCESSLIST |    0.000 |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+----------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE;
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW PROCESSLIST\G
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: root
    Host: localhost
      db: NULL
 Command: Query
    Time:
   State: NULL
    Info: SHOW PROCESSLIST
Progress: 0.000
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: system user
    Host:
      db: NULL
 Command: Connect
    Time:
   State: Waiting for master to send event
    Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: system user
    Host:
      db: NULL
 Command: Connect
    Time:
   State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
    Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
*************************** . row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.30.1.102
                  Master_User: copy
                  Master_Port:
                Connect_Retry:
              Master_Log_File: master-102.000003
          Read_Master_Log_Pos:
               Relay_Log_File: relay-log-103.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos:
        Relay_Master_Log_File: master-102.000003
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno:
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter:
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos:
              Relay_Log_Space:
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos:
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master:
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno:
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno:
               Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id:
row in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT user,host,password FROM mysql.user;
+------+----------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host                       | password                                  |
+------+----------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost                  |                                           |
| root | node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn |                                           |
| root | 127.0.0.1                  |                                           |
| root | ::                        |                                           |
|      | localhost                  |                                           |
|      | node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn |                                           |
| copy | 172.30.1.10%               | *BD0B1F48FDC55BD27555FC2F22FF29A68A25A1D7 |
+------+----------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW MASTER LOGS;
+-------------------+-----------+
| Log_name          | File_size |
+-------------------+-----------+
| master-103.000001 |      |
| master-103.000002 |     |
| master-103.000003 |        |
+-------------------+-----------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> QUIT
Bye
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

配置node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn为node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn从节点详细过程

[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is
Server version: 5.5.-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
Copyright (c) , , Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW PROCESSLIST\G
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: root
    Host: localhost
      db: NULL
 Command: Query
    Time:
   State: NULL
    Info: SHOW PROCESSLIST
Progress: 0.000
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: copy
    Host: node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn:
      db: NULL
 Command: Binlog Dump
    Time:
   State: Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
    Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW MASTER LOGS;
+-------------------+-----------+
| Log_name          | File_size |
+-------------------+-----------+
| master-102.000001 |      |
| master-102.000002 |     |
| master-102.000003 |        |
+-------------------+-----------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> QUIT
Bye
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

查看node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点的线程数

[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is
Server version: 5.5.-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
Copyright (c) , , Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW PROCESSLIST\G
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: root
    Host: localhost
      db: NULL
 Command: Query
    Time:
   State: NULL
    Info: SHOW PROCESSLIST
Progress: 0.000
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: system user
    Host:
      db: NULL
 Command: Connect
    Time:
   State: Waiting for master to send event
    Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: system user
    Host:
      db: NULL
 Command: Connect
    Time:
   State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
    Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> QUIT
Bye
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

查看node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点的线程数

[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is
Server version: 5.5.-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
Copyright (c) , , Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE devops;
Query OK,  row affected (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> USE devops
Database changed
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> CREATE TABLE students(id INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,name VARCHAR() NOT NULL,sex ENUM('boy','girl') DEFAULT 'boy',age TINYINT UNSIGNED,mobile CHAR(),address VARCHAR());
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> DESC students;
+---------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field   | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+---------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id      | int() unsigned    | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name    | varchar()         | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| sex     | enum('boy','girl')  | YES  |     | boy     |                |
| age     | tinyint() unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| mobile  | char()            | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| address | varchar()         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+---------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]> INSERT INTO students SET name='尹正杰',age=,address='北京';
Query OK,  row affected (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> SELECT * FROM students;
+----+-----------+------+------+--------+---------+
| id | name      | sex  | age  | mobile | address |
+----+-----------+------+------+--------+---------+
|   | 尹正杰    | boy  |    | NULL   | 北京    |
+----+-----------+------+------+--------+---------+
 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> SHOW MASTER LOGS;
+-------------------+-----------+
| Log_name          | File_size |
+-------------------+-----------+
| master-102.000001 |      |
| master-102.000002 |     |
| master-102.000003 |        |
+-------------------+-----------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> SHOW MASTER STATUS;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-102.000003 |       |              |                  |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> QUIT
Bye
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

在node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn中创建测试数据

[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is
Server version: 5.5.-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
Copyright (c) , , Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| devops             |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> USE devops
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
 
Database changed
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> SHOW TABLES;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_devops |
+------------------+
| students         |
+------------------+
 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> SELECT * FROM students;
+----+-----------+------+------+--------+---------+
| id | name      | sex  | age  | mobile | address |
+----+-----------+------+------+--------+---------+
|   | 尹正杰    | boy  |    | NULL   | 北京    |
+----+-----------+------+------+--------+---------+
 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> QUIT
Bye
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

在node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点上可以看到和node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点一样的数据(配置成功)

[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is
Server version: 5.5.-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
Copyright (c) , , Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW PROCESSLIST\G
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: copy
    Host: node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn:
      db: NULL
 Command: Binlog Dump
    Time:
   State: Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
    Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: root
    Host: localhost
      db: NULL
 Command: Query
    Time:
   State: NULL
    Info: SHOW PROCESSLIST
Progress: 0.000
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO
    -> MASTER_HOST='172.30.1.103',
    -> MASTER_USER='copy',
    -> MASTER_PASSWORD='yinzhengjie',
    -> MASTER_PORT=,
    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-103.000003',
    -> MASTER_LOG_POS=,
    -> MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=;
Query OK,  rows affected (0.01 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE;
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW PROCESSLIST\G
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: copy
    Host: node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn:
      db: NULL
 Command: Binlog Dump
    Time:
   State: Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
    Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: root
    Host: localhost
      db: NULL
 Command: Query
    Time:
   State: NULL
    Info: SHOW PROCESSLIST
Progress: 0.000
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: system user
    Host:
      db: NULL
 Command: Connect
    Time:
   State: Waiting for master to send event
    Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: system user
    Host:
      db: NULL
 Command: Connect
    Time:
   State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
    Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
*************************** . row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.30.1.103
                  Master_User: copy
                  Master_Port:
                Connect_Retry:
              Master_Log_File: master-103.000003
          Read_Master_Log_Pos:
               Relay_Log_File: relay-log-102.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos:
        Relay_Master_Log_File: master-103.000003
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno:
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter:
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos:
              Relay_Log_Space:
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos:
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master:
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno:
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno:
               Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id:
 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> QUIT
Bye
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

配置node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn为node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn从节点详细过程

[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is
Server version: 5.5.-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
Copyright (c) , , Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW PROCESSLIST\G
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: copy
    Host: node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn:
      db: NULL
 Command: Binlog Dump
    Time:
   State: Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
    Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: system user
    Host:
      db: NULL
 Command: Connect
    Time:
   State: Waiting for master to send event
    Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: system user
    Host:
      db: NULL
 Command: Connect
    Time:
   State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
    Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: root
    Host: localhost
      db: NULL
 Command: Query
    Time:
   State: NULL
    Info: SHOW PROCESSLIST
Progress: 0.000
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW MASTER LOGS;
+-------------------+-----------+
| Log_name          | File_size |
+-------------------+-----------+
| master-102.000001 |      |
| master-102.000002 |     |
| master-102.000003 |        |
+-------------------+-----------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> QUIT
Bye
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

查看node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点的线程数

[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is
Server version: 5.5.-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
Copyright (c) , , Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW PROCESSLIST\G
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: system user
    Host:
      db: NULL
 Command: Connect
    Time:
   State: Waiting for master to send event
    Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: system user
    Host:
      db: NULL
 Command: Connect
    Time:
   State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
    Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: copy
    Host: node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn:
      db: NULL
 Command: Binlog Dump
    Time:
   State: Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
    Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
*************************** . row ***************************
      Id:
    User: root
    Host: localhost
      db: NULL
 Command: Query
    Time:
   State: NULL
    Info: SHOW PROCESSLIST
Progress: 0.000
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW MASTER LOGS;
+-------------------+-----------+
| Log_name          | File_size |
+-------------------+-----------+
| master-103.000001 |      |
| master-103.000002 |     |
| master-103.000003 |        |
+-------------------+-----------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]> QUIT
Bye
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

查看node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点的线程数

[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is
Server version: 5.5.-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
Copyright (c) , , Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> USE devops;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
 
Database changed
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> SHOW TABLES;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_devops |
+------------------+
| students         |
+------------------+
 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> SELECT * FROM students;
+----+-----------+------+------+--------+---------+
| id | name      | sex  | age  | mobile | address |
+----+-----------+------+------+--------+---------+
|   | 尹正杰    | boy  |    | NULL   | 北京    |
+----+-----------+------+------+--------+---------+
 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> INSERT INTO students SET name='yinzhengjie',age=,address='shanxi';
Query OK,  row affected (0.01 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> SELECT * FROM students;
+----+-------------+------+------+--------+---------+
| id | name        | sex  | age  | mobile | address |
+----+-------------+------+------+--------+---------+
|   | 尹正杰      | boy  |    | NULL   | 北京    |
|   | yinzhengjie | boy  |    | NULL   | shanxi  |
+----+-------------+------+------+--------+---------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]> QUIT
Bye
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

在node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn中创建测试数据

[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is
Server version: 5.5.-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
Copyright (c) , , Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> USE devops
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
 
Database changed
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> SHOW TABLES;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_devops |
+------------------+
| students         |
+------------------+
 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> SELECT * FROM students;
+----+-------------+------+------+--------+---------+
| id | name        | sex  | age  | mobile | address |
+----+-------------+------+------+--------+---------+
|   | 尹正杰      | boy  |    | NULL   | 北京    |
|   | yinzhengjie | boy  |    | NULL   | shanxi  |
+----+-------------+------+------+--------+---------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> QUIT
Bye
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

在node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点上可以看到和node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点一样的数据(配置成功)

三.主主复制在生产环境中容易出现的问题刨析

1>.在node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点的操作

[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is
Server version: 5.5.-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
Copyright (c) , , Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> USE devops
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
 
Database changed
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> SELECT * FROM students;
+----+-------------+------+------+--------+---------+
| id | name        | sex  | age  | mobile | address |
+----+-------------+------+------+--------+---------+
|   | 尹正杰      | boy  |    | NULL   | 北京    |
|   | yinzhengjie | boy  |    | NULL   | shanxi  |
+----+-------------+------+------+--------+---------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> INSERT INTO students (name,age,mobile,address) VALUES ('Jason Yin',,,'beijing'),('Jay','',,'Taiwan');            #我们同时往表里插入2条记录
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records:   Duplicates:   Warnings: 
 
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> SELECT * FROM students;　　　　　　　　　　#不难发现，node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn自动增长是基于奇数的
+----+-------------+------+------+--------+---------+
| id | name        | sex  | age  | mobile | address |
+----+-------------+------+------+--------+---------+
|   | 尹正杰      | boy  |    | NULL   | 北京    |
|   | yinzhengjie | boy  |    | NULL   | shanxi  |
|   | Jason Yin   | boy  |    |   | beijing |
|   | Jay         | boy  |    |   | Taiwan  |
+----+-------------+------+------+--------+---------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> QUIT
Bye
[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

2>.在node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点的操作

[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is
Server version: 5.5.-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
Copyright (c) , , Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> USE devops
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
 
Database changed
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> SELECT * FROM students;　　　　　　#我们可以发现数据已经同步过来啦！
+----+-------------+------+------+--------+---------+
| id | name        | sex  | age  | mobile | address |
+----+-------------+------+------+--------+---------+
|   | 尹正杰      | boy  |    | NULL   | 北京    |
|   | yinzhengjie | boy  |    | NULL   | shanxi  |
|   | Jason Yin   | boy  |    |   | beijing |
|   | Jay         | boy  |    |   | Taiwan  |
+----+-------------+------+------+--------+---------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> INSERT students (age,sex,name,mobile,address) VALUES (,'girl','Gloria Tang Tsz-Kei',null,'Hong Kong');　　　　　　#我们再次插入一条记录
Query OK,  row affected (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> SELECT * FROM students;　　　　　　　　#我们发现新添加的记录自动增长ID竟然跳过了4,而是直接使用6，起始原因在于在添加记录之前就已经存在最大id数字5啦，虽说自动增长的id依旧是偶数,但这个问题我们得考虑一下哟~
+----+---------------------+------+------+--------+-----------+
| id | name                | sex  | age  | mobile | address   |
+----+---------------------+------+------+--------+-----------+
|   | 尹正杰              | boy  |    | NULL   | 北京      |
|   | yinzhengjie         | boy  |    | NULL   | shanxi    |
|   | Jason Yin           | boy  |    |   | beijing   |
|   | Jay                 | boy  |    |   | Taiwan    |
|   | Gloria Tang Tsz-Kei | girl |    | NULL   | Hong Kong |
+----+---------------------+------+------+--------+-----------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [devops]>
MariaDB [devops]> QUIT
Bye
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

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