Centos 下oracle 11g 安装部署及手动建库过程

Oracle 11g 手动建库，在虚拟环境中，不使用DBCA工具进行创建数据库

1.Linux环境的基本配置

2.ip 10.11.30.60

3.Oracle 11g安装过程

------------------------------------Linux环境配置---------------------------------------

1.硬件配置

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# free -g

             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached

Mem:

-/+ buffers/cache:

Swap:

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# df -h

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2        34G  .2G   24G  % /

tmpfs           .9G   84K  .9G   % /dev/shm

/dev/sda1       477M   33M  419M   % /boot

/dev/sda5        15G   37M   14G   % /u01

/dev/sda6        33G   48M   32G   % /u01/oradata

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo
model name : QEMU Virtual CPU version (cpu64-rhel6)
model name : QEMU Virtual CPU version (cpu64-rhel6)
model name : QEMU Virtual CPU version (cpu64-rhel6)
model name : QEMU Virtual CPU version (cpu64-rhel6)

2.软件

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# ll /data/download/

total

drwxr-xr-x  root root        Aug    database

-rw-rw-r--  eson eson  Nov  : linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

-rw-rw-r--  eson eson  Nov  : linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

3.配置过程

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# yum -y install epel-release

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++ gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libXi make sysstat compat-libstdc*

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# groupadd dba

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@gzxbi01 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@gzxbi01 ~]# passwd oracle

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
[root@gzxbi01 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

#在sysctl.conf中添加对应的内核参数

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmni=4096
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 4194304
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# sysctl -p

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nproc

oracle hard nproc

oracle soft nofile

oracle hard nofile

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login

session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# vim /etc/profile

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

        ulimit -u

        ulimit -n

else

        ulimit -u  -n

fi

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# source /etc/profile

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@gzxbi01 ~]$ vim .bash_profile

TMP=/tmp; export TMP

TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2./db_1; export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=orcl11; export ORACLE_SID

ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM

PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

                ulimit -p 

                ulimit -n

        else

                ulimit -u  -n

        fi

fi

[oracle@gzxbi01 ~]$ source .bash_profile

安装过程省略,手工建库过程

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# mkdir -p /u02/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# mkdir -p /u02/app/oracle/arch/

[root@gzxbi01 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02
[root@gzxbi01 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u02

[oracle@gzxbi01 oradata]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@gzxbi01 dbs]$ vim initnina.ora

instance_type='RDBMS'
db_domain='world'
db_name='nina'
compatible ='11.2.0'

statistics_level='typical'
audit_trail='none'
remote_login_passwordfile='none'

sga_target=300M
memory_target=1G
open_cursors=300
db_files=1000
processes=600
db_block_size=8192
cursor_sharing='force'

background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/nina/'
user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/nina/'
core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/nina/'
control_files = ('/u01/oradata/cont1.ctl','/u01/oradata/cont2.ctl')

db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
db_flashback_retention_target=7200
db_recovery_file_dest=('/u02/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area')
db_recovery_file_dest_size=1000M

log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u02/app/oracle/arch/'
log_archive_format='log%t_%s_%r.arc'
optimizer_mode='all_rows'

undo_management='auto'
undo_retention=7200
undo_tablespace='undotbs_01'

连接启动

SQL> startup nomount

ORA-: insufficient privileges

SQL> exit

[oracle@gzxbi01 dbs]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1. Production on Thu Dec  :: 

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn sys as sysdba

Enter password:

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount

编写SQL脚本

[root@gzxbi01 oradata]# mkdir -pv /u01/oradata/nina

[root@gzxbi01 oradata]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/oradata
[root@gzxbi01 oradata]# chmod -R 755 /u01/oradata

CREATE DATABASE nina

USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY sys_password

USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY system_passwordd

LOGFILE

        GROUP 1 ('/u01/oradata/nina/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,

        GROUP 2 ('/u01/oradata/nina/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,

        GROUP 3 ('/u01/oradata/nina/redo03.log') SIZE 100M

MAXLOGFILES 5

MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

MAXLOGHISTORY 1

MAXDATAFILES 300

CHARACTER SET US7ASCII

NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL

DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/nina/system01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE

SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/nina/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE

DEFAULT TABLESPACE users

DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/nina/users01.dbf'

SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1

TEMPFILE '/u01/oradata/nina/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 200M REUSE

UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs_01

DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/nina/undotbs01.dbf'

SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

执行SQL语句

SQL> @/u02/app/oracle/a.sql

可以同时观察对应的预警日志

[oracle@gzxbi01 trace]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/nina/nina/trace

[oracle@gzxbi01 trace]$ cat alert_nina.log

CREATE DATABASE nina

USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY *USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY *MAXLOGFILES

MAXLOGMEMBERS

MAXLOGHISTORY

MAXDATAFILES

LOGFILE

        GROUP  ('/u01/oradata/nina/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,

        GROUP  ('/u01/oradata/nina/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,

        GROUP  ('/u01/oradata/nina/redo03.log') SIZE 100M

CHARACTER SET US7ASCII

NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL

DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/nina/system01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE

SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/nina/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE

DEFAULT TABLESPACE users

DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/nina/users01.dbf'

SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1

TEMPFILE '/u01/oradata/nina/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 200M REUSE

UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs_01

DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/nina/undotbs01.dbf'

SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

Database mounted in Exclusive Mode  #表示Oracle已经打开initnina.ora文件中指定的控制文件

Lost write protection disabled

Thu Dec  ::

Successful mount of redo thread , with mount id 1284923831  #指出第一个重做日志已经成功创建，并为恢复的目的打开

Assigning activation ID  (0x4c9661b7)

Thread  opened at log sequence

  Current log#  seq#  mem# : /u01/oradata/nina/redo01.log

Successful open of redo thread

Thu Dec  ::

MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set

Thu Dec  ::

SMON: enabling cache recovery

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dcore.bsq

create tablespace SYSTEM datafile  '/u01/oradata/nina/system01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE

  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL online

Thu Dec  ::

Completed: create tablespace SYSTEM datafile  '/u01/oradata/nina/system01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE  

  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL online

create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM

  storage (initial 50K next 50K)

Completed: create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM

  storage (initial 50K next 50K)

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dsqlddl.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dmanage.bsq

CREATE TABLESPACE sysaux DATAFILE  '/u01/oradata/nina/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE  #system和sysaux表空间创建成功

  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO ONLINE

Thu Dec  ::

Completed: CREATE TABLESPACE sysaux DATAFILE  '/u01/oradata/nina/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE

  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO ONLINE

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dplsql.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dtxnspc.bsq

CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS_01 DATAFILE  '/u01/oradata/nina/undotbs01.dbf'

SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

Thu Dec  ::

Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace .

Completed: CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS_01 DATAFILE  '/u01/oradata/nina/undotbs01.dbf'   #撤销表空间undotbs01创建成功

SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1 TEMPFILE  '/u01/oradata/nina/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 200M REUSE

Completed: CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1 TEMPFILE  '/u01/oradata/nina/temp01.dbf'  #创建临时表空间TEMPPS1

SIZE 200M REUSE

ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1  #指定TEMPTS1作为数据库的默认永久表空间

Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1

CREATE  TABLESPACE USERS DATAFILE  '/u01/oradata/nina/users01.dbf'

SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

 SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL

Thu Dec  ::

Completed: CREATE  TABLESPACE USERS DATAFILE  '/u01/oradata/nina/users01.dbf'  #创建User表空间

SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

 SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL

ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS   #指定USERS表空间为默认永久表空间

Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dfmap.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/denv.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/drac.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dsec.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/doptim.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dobj.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/djava.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dpart.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/drep.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/daw.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dsummgt.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dtools.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dexttab.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/ddm.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dlmnr.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/ddst.bsq

Thu Dec  ::

SMON: enabling tx recovery

Starting background process SMCO

Thu Dec  ::

SMCO started with pid=, OS id=

Thu Dec  ::

replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)

Starting background process QMNC  #启动新后台进程QMNC

Thu Dec  ::

QMNC started with pid=, OS id=

Completed: CREATE DATABASE nina

USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY *USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY *MAXLOGFILES

MAXLOGMEMBERS

MAXLOGHISTORY

MAXDATAFILES

LOGFILE

        GROUP  ('/u01/oradata/nina/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,

        GROUP  ('/u01/oradata/nina/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,

        GROUP  ('/u01/oradata/nina/redo03.log') SIZE 100M

CHARACTER SET US7ASCII

NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL

DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/nina/system01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE

SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/nina/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE

DEFAULT TABLESPACE users

DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/nina/users01.dbf'

SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1

TEMPFILE '/u01/oradata/nina/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 200M REUSE

UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs_01

DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/nina/undotbs01.dbf'

SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

Thu Dec  ::

db_recovery_file_dest_size of  MB is 0.00% used. This is a

user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this

database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of

space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.

执行Oracle脚本创建数据字典

catalog.sql:数据字典视图。公用同义词及其他对象填充数据库

catproc.sql:创建Oracle提供的程序包及其他支持在数据库中使用PL/SQL代码的对象

SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql

....

Grant succeeded.

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

TIMESTAMP

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

COMP_TIMESTAMP CATALOG      -- ::09

SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

　....

在执行过程中，观察预警日志

Fri Dec  ::

Thread  advanced to log sequence  (LGWR switch)

  Current log#  seq#  mem# : /u01/oradata/nina/redo02.log

Fri Dec  ::

Thread  advanced to log sequence  (LGWR switch)

  Current log#  seq#  mem# : /u01/oradata/nina/redo03.log

Fri Dec  ::

Create Relation IPS_PACKAGE_UNPACK_HISTORY

Fri Dec  ::

Thread  advanced to log sequence  (LGWR switch)

  Current log#  seq#  mem# : /u01/oradata/nina/redo01.log

Fri Dec  ::

Thread  advanced to log sequence  (LGWR switch)

  Current log#  seq#  mem# : /u01/oradata/nina/redo02.log

Fri Dec  ::

Thread  advanced to log sequence  (LGWR switch)

  Current log#  seq#  mem# : /u01/oradata/nina/redo03.log

Fri Dec  ::

Starting background process CJQ0

Fri Dec  ::

CJQ0 started with pid=, OS id=

Fri Dec  ::

Thread  advanced to log sequence  (LGWR switch)

  Current log#  seq#  mem# : /u01/oradata/nina/redo01.log

Fri Dec  ::

SERVER COMPONENT id=CATPROC: timestamp=-- ::

至此，手动建库完成！

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