Matlab GUI程序设计入门——信号发生器+时域分析

背景：学习matlab gui编程入门，完成一个基于GUIDE的图形化界面程序，结合信号生成及分析等。

操作步骤：

1、新建程序

新建一个GUIDE程序

这里选择第一个选项，即创建一个空白的GUIDE模板（下面的三个选项为matlab自带的3个guide模板，可以尝试使用，但是空白模板更灵活一些）。

创建完成后，将会得到这样一个面板，这就是进行matlab进行guide图形化编程界面，在这里我们可以添加我们需要的各种控件到面板中。

可以看到上图中的，左侧有7行2列共14个常用的控件，添加时直接拖动即可，右侧的带油栅格的面板就是完成guide变成后，程序运行时的图形化界面。

7行2列控件分别为：

普通按钮	滑动条
单选按钮	复选按钮
可编辑文本	静态文本
弹出式菜单	列表框
切换按钮	表
坐标轴	面板
按钮组	ActiveX控件

其中常用的控件包括：普通按钮、滑动条、可编辑文本、静态文本、坐标轴等。

2、图形化界面编程

首先可以根据预计生成的面板的大小，拉伸编程面板。

然后将需要的控件拖拽到编程面板中，并进行布局。这里可以使用上方工具栏的“对其对象”工具，进行布局。如：

完成布局后可以双击各个控件，修改其属性，控件的属性面板如下：（以滑动条为例）

下面，对几个比较重要的属性进行介绍：

字体属性：

滑动条变量取值范围：

标注文字（String）&标签（Tag）：标签是最重要的属性，在代码中对每一个控件进行操作时，都是以其tag作为索引。

单位（Units）&初始值（Value）：单位一般会选择charaters（绝对单位）和normalized（相对单位），选择characters则输出值为设定的最大最小值之间的实际值，选择normalized则输出值为归一化后的0~1之间的值。

其他各个控件的属性会有一些区别，和各个控件自身的特性有关，基本可以直接根据各个属性的字面意思理解。

完成控件的添加、布局和属性设定后，即可得到一个如下的界面图：

3、m文件编程：

完成上述图形编程后，点击保存，则会自动根据我们的设定，生成一个m文件模板。

模板中主要有以下几个部分：

1、程序初始化

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @signal_generator_OpeningFcn, ...
                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @signal_generator_OutputFcn, ...
                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
                   'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end

if nargout
    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

注意，这部分自动生成的初始化代码，一般不要修改！

2、程序open founction

% --- Executes just before signal_generator is made visible.
function signal_generator_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)

这部分代码会在完成图形界面控件的创建后，首先运行，一般可以在这里添加一些自定义变量的初始化代码等。

3、控件回调函数 callback

% --- Executes on button press in noise.
function noise_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

这部分函数会分别对应于我们在图形编程界面添加的每一个控件，当某一个控件发生操作时，程序对自动调用它对应的回调函数（类似于中断回调函数）。

4、我们在生成的m文件中，自行添加自定义函数，完成我们需要执行的任务。将自定义函数在控件的回调函数中国调用即可。

以下为我完成的信号发生+时域分析 GUI程序的m文件代码，仅供参考：（文件可以在我的博客中下载）

function varargout = signal_generator(varargin)

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @signal_generator_OpeningFcn, ...
                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @signal_generator_OutputFcn, ...
                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
                   'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end

if nargout
    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

% --- Executes just before signal_generator is made visible.
function signal_generator_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
handles.output = hObject;
global t;
global run;
% text windos init
set(handles.fre_text,'string',get(handles.fre_slider,'value'));
set(handles.amp_text,'string',get(handles.amp_slider,'value'));
% x axes data
%handles.x = linspace(0,0.03,441*3);
handles.x = linspace(0,1.5,44100*1.5);
% wave shape data
handles.shape = 2;
% data init
t = 0;
run = 0;
handles
guidata(hObject, handles);

% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = signal_generator_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
varargout{1} = handles.output;

function my_callback(handles)
global sound_y;
global plot_y;
global plot_x;
global t;
x = handles.x;
fre = get(handles.fre_slider,'value');
amp = get(handles.amp_slider,'value');
% white noise
if handles.shape == 1
	sound_y = 0.5*amp*wgn(1,44100*1.5,1);
% sin singal
elseif handles.shape == 2
	sound_y = amp*sin(2*pi*fre*x);
% square singal
elseif handles.shape == 3
	sound_y = amp*square(2*pi*fre*x);
% trangle singal
elseif handles.shape == 4
	sound_y = amp*sawtooth(2*pi*fre*x,0.5);
end
plot_x = x(:,(1+t):(3*441+t));
plot_y = sound_y(:,(1+t):(3*441+t));
plot(handles.monitor,plot_x,plot_y);
set(handles.monitor,'ylimmode','manual');
set(handles.monitor,'ylim',[-2000,2000]);
% get peak value
peak_max = max(plot_y);
peak_min = min(plot_y);
peak_value = peak_max - peak_min;
set(handles.peak,'string',num2str(peak_value));
% get mean value
mean_value = mean(plot_y);
set(handles.mean,'string',num2str(mean_value));
% get rms value
rms_value = rms(plot_y);
set(handles.rms,'string',num2str(rms_value));
% % get frequency value
% fre_value = fft(plot_y);
% aaa = abs(fre_value);
% [m,p] = max(aaa);
% set(handles.std,'string',num2str(p));
% get std error value
std_value = std(plot_y);
set(handles.std,'string',num2str(std_value));

% --- Executes on button press in noise.
function noise_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
handles.shape = 1;
guidata(hObject, handles);
my_callback(handles);

% --- Executes on button press in square.
function square_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
handles.shape = 3;
guidata(hObject, handles);
my_callback(handles);

% --- Executes on button press in trangle.
function trangle_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
handles.shape = 4;
guidata(hObject, handles);
my_callback(handles);

% --- Executes on button press in sin.
function sin_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
handles.shape = 2;
guidata(hObject, handles);
my_callback(handles);

% --- Executes on slider movement.
function fre_slider_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
set(handles.fre_text,'string',get(handles.fre_slider,'value'));
my_callback(handles);

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function fre_slider_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
if isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',[.9 .9 .9]);
end

function fre_text_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function fre_text_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end

% --- Executes on slider movement.
function amp_slider_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
set(handles.amp_text,'string',get(handles.amp_slider,'value'));
my_callback(handles);

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function amp_slider_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
if isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',[.9 .9 .9]);
end

function amp_text_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function amp_text_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end

% --- Executes on button press in run.
function run_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global t;
global run;
run = 1;
while run == 1
	t = t+2;
	my_callback(handles);
	set(handles.monitor,'xlimmode','manual');
	set(handles.monitor,'xlim',[(1+t)*0.000022,(3*441+t)*0.000022]);
	pause(0.01);
end

% --- Executes on button press in stop.
function stop_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global run;
run = 0;

% --- Executes on button press in play.
function play_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global sound_y;
sound(sound_y,44100); 

% --- Executes on button press in clear.
function clear_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
delete(allchild(handles.monitor));

function peak_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function peak_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end

function mean_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function mean_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end

function rms_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function rms_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end

function std_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function std_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end

——cloud over sky

——2020/3/23