容器技术｜Docker三剑客之docker-machine

docker-machine是什么？

ocker-machine就是docker公司官方提出的，用于在各种平台上快速创建具有docker服务的虚拟机的技术，甚至可以通过指定driver来定制虚拟机的实现原理（一般是virtualbox）。

Docker 与 Docker Machine 的区别

Docker 是一个 Client-Server 架构的应用，Docker是大家对Docker Engine简称。

Docker包括以下三个部分：

• 1、Docker daemon
• 2、一套与 Docker daemon 交互的 REST API
• 3、一个命令行客户端
  
  下图很清晰的展示了它们之间的关系：
  
  

Docker Machine 则是一个安装和管理 Docker 的工具。它有自己的命令行工具：docker-machine。

docker-machine安装

[root@master ~]# curl -L https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.14.0/docker-machine-`uname -s`-`uname -m` >/tmp/docker-machine
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   617    0   617    0     0    390      0 --:--:--  0:00:01 --:--:--   390
100 26.7M  100 26.7M    0     0  1618k      0  0:00:16  0:00:16 --:--:-- 3622k
[root@master ~]# chmod +x /tmp/docker-machine
[root@master ~]# cp /tmp/docker-machine /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
[root@master ~]# ll /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 28034848 6月  12 15:24 /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
[root@master ~]# docker-machine -v
docker-machine version 0.14.0, build 89b8332

docker-machine命令

[root@master ~]# docker-machine --help
Usage: docker-machine [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...]

Create and manage machines running Docker.

Version: 0.14.0, build 89b8332

Author:
  Docker Machine Contributors - <https://github.com/docker/machine>

Options:
  --debug, -D					Enable debug mode
  --storage-path, -s "/root/.docker/machine"	Configures storage path [$MACHINE_STORAGE_PATH]
  --tls-ca-cert 				CA to verify remotes against [$MACHINE_TLS_CA_CERT]
  --tls-ca-key 					Private key to generate certificates [$MACHINE_TLS_CA_KEY]
  --tls-client-cert 				Client cert to use for TLS [$MACHINE_TLS_CLIENT_CERT]
  --tls-client-key 				Private key used in client TLS auth [$MACHINE_TLS_CLIENT_KEY]
  --github-api-token 				Token to use for requests to the Github API [$MACHINE_GITHUB_API_TOKEN]
  --native-ssh					Use the native (Go-based) SSH implementation. [$MACHINE_NATIVE_SSH]
  --bugsnag-api-token 				BugSnag API token for crash reporting [$MACHINE_BUGSNAG_API_TOKEN]
  --help, -h					show help
  --version, -v					print the version

Commands:
  active		Print which machine is active
  config		Print the connection config for machine
  create		Create a machine
  env			Display the commands to set up the environment for the Docker client
  inspect		Inspect information about a machine
  ip			Get the IP address of a machine
  kill			Kill a machine
  ls			List machines
  provision		Re-provision existing machines
  regenerate-certs	Regenerate TLS Certificates for a machine
  restart		Restart a machine
  rm			Remove a machine
  ssh			Log into or run a command on a machine with SSH.
  scp			Copy files between machines
  mount			Mount or unmount a directory from a machine with SSHFS.
  start			Start a machine
  status		Get the status of a machine
  stop			Stop a machine
  upgrade		Upgrade a machine to the latest version of Docker
  url			Get the URL of a machine
  version		Show the Docker Machine version or a machine docker version
  help			Shows a list of commands or help for one command

docker-machine active
显示当前的活动主机

docker-machine config
显示连接主机的配置

docker-machine create
创建一个主机

docker-machine env
设置当前的环境与哪个主机通信

docker-machine inspect
查看主机的详细信息

docker-machine ip
查看主机的IP 

docker-machine kill
强制关闭一个主机

docker-machine ls
查看所有的主机信息

docker-machine provision
重新配置现在主机

docker-machine regenerate-certs
为主机重新生成证书

docker-machine restart
重启主机

docker-machine rm
删除主机

docker-machine ssh
以SSH的方式连接到主机上

docker-machine scp
远程复制

docker-machine status
查看主机的状态

docker-machine stop
停止一个正在运行的主机

docker-machine upgrade
升级主机的docker服务到最新版本

docker-machine version
查看docker-machine版本

常用实例操作

[root@master ~]# docker-machine create -d virtualbox testhost
[root@master ~]# docker-machine create --driver virtualbox testhost
#两个命令的作用相同，创建一个名为testhost的主机，驱动方式是virtualbox

[root@master ~]# docker-machine create -d virtualbox testhost
Creating CA: /root/.docker/machine/certs/ca.pem
Creating client certificate: /root/.docker/machine/certs/cert.pem
Running pre-create checks...
Error with pre-create check: "VBoxManage not found. Make sure VirtualBox is installed and VBoxManage is in the path"
#报错提示没有发现VBoxManage。因此，需要手工安装，具体安装操作如下。

[root@master ~]# vim  /etc/yum.repos.d/virtualbox.repo
[virtualbox]
name=Oracle Linux / RHEL / CentOS-$releasever / $basearch - VirtualBox
baseurl=http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/rpm/el/$releasever/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc

[root@master ~]# yum search VirtualBox   #查找具体安装版本
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn
 * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn
============== N/S matched: VirtualBox ===================================
VirtualBox-4.3.x86_64 : Oracle VM VirtualBox
VirtualBox-5.0.x86_64 : Oracle VM VirtualBox
VirtualBox-5.1.x86_64 : Oracle VM VirtualBox
VirtualBox-5.2.x86_64 : Oracle VM VirtualBox
[root@master ~]# yum install -y VirtualBox-5.2  #安装

[root@master ~]# /sbin/vboxconfig   #重新加载virtualbox服务
vboxdrv.sh: Stopping VirtualBox services.
vboxdrv.sh: Building VirtualBox kernel modules.
This system is currently not set up to build kernel modules.
Please install the Linux kernel "header" files matching the current kernel
for adding new hardware support to the system.
The distribution packages containing the headers are probably:
    kernel-devel kernel-devel-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
This system is currently not set up to build kernel modules.
Please install the Linux kernel "header" files matching the current kernel
for adding new hardware support to the system.
The distribution packages containing the headers are probably:
    kernel-devel kernel-devel-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64

There were problems setting up VirtualBox.  To re-start the set-up process, run
  /sbin/vboxconfig
as root.
#如果内核版本不一致，会出现上面的报错，需要安装相同的内核版本

[root@master ~]# rpm -ivh kernel-devel-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64.rpm
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:kernel-devel-3.10.0-693.el7   ################################# [100%]
[root@slave1 ~]# yum install gcc make perl -y
[root@slave1 ~]# rpm -qa kernel\*
kernel-tools-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
kernel-devel-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
kernel-headers-3.10.0-862.3.2.el7.x86_64
[root@slave1 ~]# /sbin/vboxconfig
vboxdrv.sh: Stopping VirtualBox services.
vboxdrv.sh: Building VirtualBox kernel modules.
vboxdrv.sh: Starting VirtualBox services.

[root@centos7 ~]# docker-machine create --driver virtualbox testhost
Running pre-create checks...
Error with pre-create check: "This computer doesn't have VT-X/AMD-v enabled. Enabling it in the BIOS is mandatory"
#这个报错不用解释了吧，没有开启虚拟化功能，直接打开

[root@centos7 ~]# docker-machine create --driver virtualbox default
Running pre-create checks...
(default) No default Boot2Docker ISO found locally, downloading the latest release...
(default) Latest release for github.com/boot2docker/boot2docker is v18.05.0-ce
(default) Downloading /root/.docker/machine/cache/boot2docker.iso from https://github.com/boot2docker/boot2docker/releases/download/v18.05.0-ce/boot2docker.iso...
(default) 0%....10%....20%....30%....40%....50%....60%....70%....80%....90%....100%
Creating machine...
(default) Copying /root/.docker/machine/cache/boot2docker.iso to /root/.docker/machine/machines/default/boot2docker.iso...
(default) Creating VirtualBox VM...
(default) Creating SSH key...
(default) Starting the VM...
(default) Check network to re-create if needed...
(default) Found a new host-only adapter: "vboxnet0"
(default) Waiting for an IP...
Waiting for machine to be running, this may take a few minutes...
Detecting operating system of created instance...
Waiting for SSH to be available...
Detecting the provisioner...
Provisioning with boot2docker...
Copying certs to the local machine directory...
Copying certs to the remote machine...
Setting Docker configuration on the remote daemon...
Checking connection to Docker...
Docker is up and running!
To see how to connect your Docker Client to the Docker Engine running on this virtual machine, run: docker-machine env default
#可以先安装个默认的虚拟机
[root@centos7 ~]# docker-machine ls
NAME      ACTIVE   DRIVER       STATE     URL                         SWARM   DOCKER        ERRORS
default   -        virtualbox   Running   tcp://192.168.99.100:2376           v18.05.0-ce
[root@centos7 ~]# docker-machine status
Running

#接下来配置环境变量，方便后面直接操作主机
[root@centos7 ~]# docker-machine env default
export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY="1"
export DOCKER_HOST="tcp://192.168.99.100:2376"
export DOCKER_CERT_PATH="/root/.docker/machine/machines/default"
export DOCKER_MACHINE_NAME="default"
# Run this command to configure your shell:
# eval $(docker-machine env default)
[root@centos7 ~]#  eval $(docker-machine env default)
[root@centos7 ~]# docker-machine ssh default
                        ##         .
                  ## ## ##        ==
               ## ## ## ## ##    ===
           /"""""""""""""""""\___/ ===
      ~~~ {~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~ /  ===- ~~~
           \______ o           __/
             \    \         __/
              \____\_______/
 _                 _   ____     _            _
| |__   ___   ___ | |_|___ \ __| | ___   ___| | _____ _ __
| '_ \ / _ \ / _ \| __| __) / _` |/ _ \ / __| |/ / _ \ '__|
| |_) | (_) | (_) | |_ / __/ (_| | (_) | (__|   <  __/ |
|_.__/ \___/ \___/ \__|_____\__,_|\___/ \___|_|\_\___|_|
Boot2Docker version 18.05.0-ce, build HEAD : b5d6989 - Thu May 10 16:35:28 UTC 2018
Docker version 18.05.0-ce, build f150324

docker@default:~$ docker --version
Docker version 18.05.0-ce, build f150324
#正常进入虚拟机

实例

两台服务器

• 本地主机：192.168.22.177
• 远程主机：192.168.22.175
  
  可能大家还是不太明白，这个docker-machine到底有什么用？docker容器的好处都知道了。
  
  而docker-machine可以在本地布署相应环境的同时完成远程docker主机相同环境的布署，减少重复的操作。

1、配置免密登录

[root@test001 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:7Ue0bc08pEs+PonJqy7/hyxUhNO4uEegVizX4EJC8J8 root@centos7.3
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| .oo ...o +      |
|  . o..= = o     |
|   . .=.o + .  . |
|    .oo. + o oo+ |
|    .E  S o ooo.+|
|       . + .o.. .|
|        o + =+.  |
|       . . B.+.  |
|        +++oo..  |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@centos7 ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.22.175
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.22.175 (192.168.22.175)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:p6+FPeTxTUx37cwJWJP8cUE9NhcUHSvAppVPyj4aj8c.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:89:6d:f7:46:11:45:2e:fd:21:87:42:bd:62:06:fe:fd.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.22.175's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh '192.168.22.175'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@test001 ~]# ssh 192.168.22.175
Last login: Tue Apr 24 06:51:06 2018 from 192.168.22.170
[root@test002 ~]# ip add |grep 192.168.22
    inet 192.168.22.175/24 brd 192.168.22.255 scope global ens32

2、创建远程主机

远程主机需要安装有docker环境
[root@test001 ~]# docker-machine create -d generic --generic-ip-address=192.168.22.175 --generic-ssh-user=root --engine-registry-mirror http://ef017c13.m.daocloud.io   dockerhost
Running pre-create checks...
Creating machine...
(dockerhost) No SSH key specified. Assuming an existing key at the default location.
Waiting for machine to be running, this may take a few minutes...
Detecting operating system of created instance...
Waiting for SSH to be available...
Detecting the provisioner...
Provisioning with centos...
Copying certs to the local machine directory...
Copying certs to the remote machine...
Setting Docker configuration on the remote daemon...
Checking connection to Docker...
Docker is up and running!
To see how to connect your Docker Client to the Docker Engine running on this virtual machine, run: docker-machine env dockerhost
[root@test001 ~]# docker-machine ls
NAME         ACTIVE   DRIVER       STATE     URL                         SWARM   DOCKER    ERRORS
dockerhost   -        generic      Running   tcp://192.168.22.175:2376           v1.13.1

3、配置环境变量

[root@centos7 ~]# docker-machine env dockerhost
export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY="1"
export DOCKER_HOST="tcp://192.168.22.175:2376"
export DOCKER_CERT_PATH="/root/.docker/machine/machines/dockerhost"
export DOCKER_MACHINE_NAME="dockerhost"
# Run this command to configure your shell:
# eval $(docker-machine env dockerhost)
[root@test001 ~]# eval $(docker-machine env dockerhost)
[root@test001 ~]# docker-machine ssh dockerhost
Last login: Thu Jun 14 02:32:42 2018 from 192.168.22.177
[root@dockerhost ~]# docker --version
Docker version 1.13.1, build 94f4240/1.13.1

4、运行一个容器

[root@test001 ~]# docker run -d nginx:1.13
Unable to find image 'nginx:1.13' locally
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/nginx ...
sha256:b1d09e9718890e6ebbbd2bc319ef1611559e30ce1b6f56b2e3b479d9da51dc35: Pulling from docker.io/library/nginx
f2aa67a397c4: Pull complete
3c091c23e29d: Pull complete
4a99993b8636: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b1d09e9718890e6ebbbd2bc319ef1611559e30ce1b6f56b2e3b479d9da51dc35
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/nginx:1.13
72efb659ec38d263519c894bf0b5eb3d5ca35af1e3d0e9522abbcc19d8739403
[root@test001 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY          TAG     IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
docker.io/nginx     1.13    ae513a47849c   6 weeks ago   109 MB
[root@test001 ~]# docker-machine ssh dockerhost
Last login: Thu Jun 14 02:58:51 2018 from 192.168.22.177
[root@dockerhost ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY          TAG      IMAGE ID      CREATED       SIZE
docker.io/nginx     1.13     ae513a47849c  6 weeks ago   109 MB

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