Windows服务安装与控制

Windows服务安装与控制

1、建立服务

　　（1）定义一个ServiceInstaller

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace WindowService
{
    [System.ComponentModel.RunInstaller(true)]
    public class ServiceInstaller : System.Configuration.Install.Installer
    {
        System.ServiceProcess.ServiceProcessInstaller processInstaller;
        System.ServiceProcess.ServiceInstaller serviceInstaller;
        public ServiceInstaller()
        {
            processInstaller = new System.ServiceProcess.ServiceProcessInstaller();
            processInstaller.Account = System.ServiceProcess.ServiceAccount.LocalSystem;
            Installers.Add(processInstaller);

            serviceInstaller = new System.ServiceProcess.ServiceInstaller();
            serviceInstaller.DisplayName = "";
            serviceInstaller.ServiceName = "";
            serviceInstaller.StartType = System.ServiceProcess.ServiceStartMode.Automatic;

            Installers.Add(serviceInstaller);
        }
        protected override void OnAfterInstall(System.Collections.IDictionary savedState)
        {
            base.OnAfterInstall(savedState);

        }
    }
}

（2）定义一个服务

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.ServiceProcess;
using System.Text;

namespace WindowService
{
    partial class Service : ServiceBase
    {
        public Service()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
        {

            // TODO:  在此处添加代码以启动服务。
        }

        protected override void OnStop()
        {
            // TODO:  在此处添加代码以执行停止服务所需的关闭操作。
        }
    }
}

（3）定义自己的安装方式：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;

namespace WindowService
{
    public class ServiceMaster
    {
        static string appPath = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location;
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            if (args != null && args.Length > )
            {
                if (args[] == "-i")
                {
                    InstallService();
                }
                else if (args[] == "-u")
                {
                    UninstallService();
                }

            }
            else
            {
                var s = new Service() { ServiceName = "aaaaa" };
                Service.Run(s);
            }
        }
        public static void InstallService()
        {
            System.Configuration.Install.ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { appPath });
        }

        public static void UninstallService()
        {
            System.Configuration.Install.ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { "-u", appPath });
        }
    }
}

安装时，使用管理员权限运行cmd，输入程序带参数"-i"执行即可安装。这是使用的ManagedInstallerClass类的安装。接下来对上面这个服务使用另一种安装方式。

2、Windows Api安装方式。

（1）辅助类的设计

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;

namespace Yihe.Service
{
    #region 异常定义

    /// <summary>
    /// 服务不存在异常
    /// </summary>
    public class ServiceNotExistException : ApplicationException
    {
        public ServiceNotExistException() : base("服务不存在！") { }

        public ServiceNotExistException(string message) : base(message) { }
    }

    #endregion

    #region 枚举定义

    /// <summary>
    /// 服务启动类型
    /// </summary>
    public enum ServiceStartType
    {
        Boot,
        System,
        Auto,
        Manual,
        Disabled
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 服务运行帐户
    /// </summary>
    public enum ServiceAccount
    {
        LocalSystem,
        LocalService,
        NetworkService,
    }

    #endregion

    /// <summary>
    /// Windows 服务辅助类
    /// </summary>
    public static class ServiceHelper
    {
        #region 公开方法

        /// <summary>
        /// 安装服务
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="serviceName">服务名</param>
        /// <param name="displayName">友好名称</param>
        /// <param name="binaryFilePath">映像文件路径，可带参数</param>
        /// <param name="description">服务描述</param>
        /// <param name="startType">启动类型</param>
        /// <param name="account">启动账户</param>
        /// <param name="dependencies">依赖服务</param>
        public static void Install(string serviceName, string displayName, string binaryFilePath, string description, ServiceStartType startType, ServiceAccount account = ServiceAccount.LocalSystem, string[] dependencies = null)
        {
            IntPtr scm = OpenSCManager();

            IntPtr service = IntPtr.Zero;
            try
            {

                service = Win32Class.CreateService(scm, serviceName, displayName, Win32Class.SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, Win32Class.SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS, startType, Win32Class.SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL, binaryFilePath, null, IntPtr.Zero, ProcessDependencies(dependencies), GetServiceAccountName(account), null);

                if (service == IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    if (Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() == 0x431)//ERROR_SERVICE_EXISTS
                    { throw new ApplicationException("服务已存在！"); }

                    throw new ApplicationException("服务安装失败！");
                }

                //设置服务描述
                Win32Class.SERVICE_DESCRIPTION sd = new Win32Class.SERVICE_DESCRIPTION();
                try
                {
                    sd.description = Marshal.StringToHGlobalUni(description);
                    Win32Class.ChangeServiceConfig2(service, , ref sd);
                }
                finally
                {
                    Marshal.FreeHGlobal(sd.description); //释放
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                if (service != IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(service);
                }
                Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scm);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 卸载服务
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="serviceName">服务名</param>
        public static void Uninstall(string serviceName)
        {
            IntPtr scmHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
            IntPtr service = IntPtr.Zero;

            try
            {
                service = OpenService(serviceName, out scmHandle);

                StopService(service); //停止服务。里面会递归停止从属服务

                if (!Win32Class.DeleteService(service) && Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() != 0x430) //忽略已标记为删除的服务。ERROR_SERVICE_MARKED_FOR_DELETE
                {
                    throw new ApplicationException("删除服务失败！");
                }
            }
            catch (ServiceNotExistException) { } //忽略服务不存在的情况
            finally
            {
                if (service != IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(service);
                    Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);//放if里面是因为如果服务打开失败，在OpenService里就已释放SCM
                }
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region 辅助方法

        /// <summary>
        /// 转换帐户枚举为有效参数
        /// </summary>
        public static string GetServiceAccountName(ServiceAccount account)
        {
            if (account == ServiceAccount.LocalService)
            {
                return @"NT AUTHORITY\LocalService";
            }
            if (account == ServiceAccount.NetworkService)
            {
                return @"NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService";
            }
            return null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 处理依赖服务参数
        /// </summary>
        public static string ProcessDependencies(string[] dependencies)
        {
            if (dependencies == null || dependencies.Length == )
            {
                return null;
            }

            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            foreach (string s in dependencies)
            {
                sb.Append(s).Append('\0');
            }
            sb.Append('\0');

            return sb.ToString();
        }

        #endregion

        #region API 封装方法

        /// <summary>
        /// 打开服务管理器
        /// </summary>
        public static IntPtr OpenSCManager()
        {
            IntPtr scm = Win32Class.OpenSCManager(null, null, Win32Class.SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);

            if (scm == IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                throw new ApplicationException("打开服务管理器失败！");
            }

            return scm;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 打开服务
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="serviceName">服务名称</param>
        /// <param name="scmHandle">服务管理器句柄。供调用者释放</param>
        public static IntPtr OpenService(string serviceName, out IntPtr scmHandle)
        {
            scmHandle = OpenSCManager();

            IntPtr service = Win32Class.OpenService(scmHandle, serviceName, Win32Class.SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);

            if (service == IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                int errCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();

                Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle); //关闭SCM

                if (errCode == 0x424) //ERROR_SERVICE_DOES_NOT_EXIST
                {
                    throw new ServiceNotExistException();
                }

                throw new Win32Exception();
            }

            return service;
        }
        private static bool ExistService(string serviceName)
        {
            IntPtr scmHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
            IntPtr handle = IntPtr.Zero;
            try
            {
                handle = OpenService(serviceName, out scmHandle);
                if (handle == IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    int errCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
                    if (errCode == 0x424)
                    { return false; }
                }
            }
            catch (ServiceNotExistException e) { return false; }
            finally
            {
                Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle); //关闭SCM
                Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(handle); //关闭服务
            }
            return true;
        }
        public static bool StartService(string serviceName, TimeSpan timeSpan)
        {
            if (!ExistService(serviceName)) return false;
            System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController sc = new System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController(serviceName);
            if (sc.Status != System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus.Running && sc.Status != System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus.StartPending)
            {
                sc.Start();
            }
            sc.WaitForStatus(System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus.Running, timeSpan);
            return sc.Status == System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus.Running;
        }

        public static bool StopService(string serviceName, TimeSpan timeSpan)
        {
            if (!ExistService(serviceName)) return false;
            System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController sc = new System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController(serviceName);
            if (sc.Status != System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped && sc.Status != System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus.StopPending)
            {
                sc.Stop();
            }
            sc.WaitForStatus(System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped, timeSpan);
            var isok = sc.Status == System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped;
            sc.Close();
            sc.Dispose();
            return isok;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 停止服务
        /// </summary>
        public static void StopService(IntPtr service)
        {
            ServiceState currState = GetServiceStatus(service);

            if (currState == ServiceState.Stopped)
            {
                return;
            }

            if (currState != ServiceState.StopPending)
            {
                //递归停止从属服务
                string[] childSvs = EnumDependentServices(service, EnumServiceState.Active);
                if (childSvs.Length != )
                {
                    IntPtr scm = OpenSCManager();
                    try
                    {
                        foreach (string childSv in childSvs)
                        {
                            StopService(Win32Class.OpenService(scm, childSv, Win32Class.SERVICE_STOP));
                        }
                    }
                    finally
                    {
                        Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scm);
                    }
                }

                Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS status = new Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS();
                Win32Class.ControlService(service, Win32Class.SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, ref status); //发送停止指令
            }

            if (!WaitForStatus(service, ServiceState.Stopped, new TimeSpan(, , )))
            {
                throw new ApplicationException("停止服务失败！");
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 遍历从属服务
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="serviceHandle"></param>
        /// <param name="state">选择性遍历（活动、非活动、全部）</param>
        public static string[] EnumDependentServices(IntPtr serviceHandle, EnumServiceState state)
        {
            int bytesNeeded = ; //存放从属服务的空间大小，由API返回
            int numEnumerated = ; //从属服务数，由API返回

            //先尝试以空结构获取，如获取成功说明从属服务为空，否则拿到上述俩值
            if (Win32Class.EnumDependentServices(serviceHandle, state, IntPtr.Zero, , ref bytesNeeded, ref numEnumerated))
            {
                return new string[];
            }
            if (Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() != 0xEA) //仅当错误值不是大小不够(ERROR_MORE_DATA)时才抛异常
            {
                throw new Win32Exception();
            }

            //在非托管区域创建指针
            IntPtr structsStart = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(new IntPtr(bytesNeeded));
            try
            {
                //往上述指针处塞存放从属服务的结构组，每个从属服务是一个结构
                if (!Win32Class.EnumDependentServices(serviceHandle, state, structsStart, bytesNeeded, ref bytesNeeded, ref numEnumerated))
                {
                    throw new Win32Exception();
                }

                string[] dependentServices = new string[numEnumerated];
                int sizeOfStruct = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Win32Class.ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS)); //每个结构的大小
                long structsStartAsInt64 = structsStart.ToInt64();
                for (int i = ; i < numEnumerated; i++)
                {
                    Win32Class.ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS structure = new Win32Class.ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS();
                    IntPtr ptr = new IntPtr(structsStartAsInt64 + i * sizeOfStruct); //根据起始指针、结构次序和结构大小推算各结构起始指针
                    Marshal.PtrToStructure(ptr, structure); //根据指针拿到结构
                    dependentServices[i] = structure.serviceName; //从结构中拿到服务名
                }

                return dependentServices;
            }
            finally
            {
                Marshal.FreeHGlobal(structsStart);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取服务状态
        /// </summary>
        public static ServiceState GetServiceStatus(IntPtr service)
        {
            Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS status = new Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS();

            if (!Win32Class.QueryServiceStatus(service, ref status))
            {
                throw new ApplicationException("获取服务状态出错！");
            }

            return status.currentState;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 等候服务至目标状态
        /// </summary>
        public static bool WaitForStatus(IntPtr serviceHandle, ServiceState desiredStatus, TimeSpan timeout)
        {
            DateTime startTime = DateTime.Now;

            while (GetServiceStatus(serviceHandle) != desiredStatus)
            {
                if (DateTime.Now - startTime > timeout) { return false; }

                Thread.Sleep();
            }

            return true;
        }

        #endregion

        #region 嵌套类

        /// <summary>
        /// Win32 API相关
        /// </summary>
        private static class Win32Class
        {
            #region 常量定义

            /// <summary>
            /// 打开服务管理器时请求的权限：全部
            /// </summary>
            public const int SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS = 0xF003F;

            /// <summary>
            /// 服务类型：自有进程类服务
            /// </summary>
            public const int SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS = 0x10;

            /// <summary>
            /// 打开服务时请求的权限：全部
            /// </summary>
            public const int SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS = 0xF01FF;

            /// <summary>
            /// 打开服务时请求的权限：停止
            /// </summary>
            public const int SERVICE_STOP = 0x20;

            /// <summary>
            /// 服务操作标记：停止
            /// </summary>
            public const int SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP = 0x1;

            /// <summary>
            /// 服务出错行为标记
            /// </summary>
            public const int SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL = 0x1;

            #endregion

            #region API所需类和结构定义

            /// <summary>
            /// 服务状态结构体
            /// </summary>
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            public struct SERVICE_STATUS
            {
                public int serviceType;
                public ServiceState currentState;
                public int controlsAccepted;
                public int win32ExitCode;
                public int serviceSpecificExitCode;
                public int checkPoint;
                public int waitHint;
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// 服务描述结构体
            /// </summary>
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
            public struct SERVICE_DESCRIPTION
            {
                public IntPtr description;
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// 服务状态结构体。遍历API会用到
            /// </summary>
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
            public class ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS
            {
                public string serviceName;
                public string displayName;
                public int serviceType;
                public int currentState;
                public int controlsAccepted;
                public int win32ExitCode;
                public int serviceSpecificExitCode;
                public int checkPoint;
                public int waitHint;
            }

            #endregion

            #region API定义

            [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
            public static extern bool ChangeServiceConfig2(IntPtr serviceHandle, uint infoLevel, ref SERVICE_DESCRIPTION serviceDesc);

            [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
            public static extern IntPtr OpenSCManager(string machineName, string databaseName, int dwDesiredAccess);

            [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
            public static extern IntPtr OpenService(IntPtr hSCManager, string lpServiceName, int dwDesiredAccess);
            [DllImport("advapi32.dll")]
            public static extern int StartService(IntPtr SVHANDLE, int dwNumServiceArgs, string lpServiceArgVectors);
            [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
            public static extern IntPtr CreateService(IntPtr hSCManager, string lpServiceName, string lpDisplayName, int dwDesiredAccess, int dwServiceType, ServiceStartType dwStartType, int dwErrorControl, string lpBinaryPathName, string lpLoadOrderGroup, IntPtr lpdwTagId, string lpDependencies, string lpServiceStartName, string lpPassword);

            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success), DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
            public static extern bool CloseServiceHandle(IntPtr handle);

            [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
            public static extern bool QueryServiceStatus(IntPtr hService, ref SERVICE_STATUS lpServiceStatus);

            [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
            public static extern bool DeleteService(IntPtr serviceHandle);

            [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
            public static extern bool ControlService(IntPtr hService, int dwControl, ref SERVICE_STATUS lpServiceStatus);

            [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
            public static extern bool EnumDependentServices(IntPtr serviceHandle, EnumServiceState serviceState, IntPtr bufferOfENUM_SERVICE_STATUS, int bufSize, ref int bytesNeeded, ref int numEnumerated);

            #endregion
        }

        #endregion

        /// <summary>
        /// 服务状态枚举。用于遍历从属服务API
        /// </summary>
        public enum EnumServiceState
        {
            Active = ,
            InActive = ,
            All =
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 服务状态
        /// </summary>
        public enum ServiceState
        {
            Stopped = ,
            StartPending = ,
            StopPending = ,
            Running = ,
            ContinuePending = ,
            PausePending = ,
            Paused =
        }
    }
}

（2）测试例子：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Yihe.Service
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //安装服务
            ServiceHelper.Install("aaaaa", "aaaaa", Application.StartupPath + "\\WindowService.exe", "无描述", ServiceStartType.Auto);
        }

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //卸载服务
            ServiceHelper.Uninstall("aaaaa");
        }

        private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //启动服务
            var isok = ServiceHelper.StartService("aaaaa", TimeSpan.FromSeconds());
            MessageBox.Show("是否成功：" + isok.ToString());
        }

        private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //停止服务
            var isok = ServiceHelper.StopService("aaaaa", TimeSpan.FromSeconds());
            MessageBox.Show("是否成功：" + isok.ToString());
        }
    }
}