文件打包压缩——tar

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tar——压缩数据/解压数据内容

命令语法: tar zcvf  生成压缩包路径/压缩包.tar.gz    压缩数据01，02，03....

巧记：

压缩名称为tar.gz，可以理解为tar命令，gz取压缩类型gizp的前2个辅音字母

参数说明:
       z --- 数据压缩方式 gzip （--gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip   filter the archive through gzip）
       c --- 创建一个压缩文件（create               create a new archive）
       v --- 显示压缩过程（verbose              verbosely list files processed）
       f --- 指定压缩包路径信息
       将链接文件进行压缩处理时:
       tar zcvhf  生成压缩包路径/压缩包.tar.gz  需要进行压缩链接文件
       h --- 指定压缩链接文件所指定源文件

注意压缩的参数建议加上-，因为很多命令的参数都加-

先创建压缩包，再把文件放到里面，解压缩时磁盘和CPU都会比较卡

注意不要压缩软链接，但是不知道文件是否为软链接，那么就可以加上参数h

[root@centos71 ~]# tar  --help | grep   "\-h"
  -h, --dereference          follow symlinks; archive and dump the files they
      --hard-dereference     follow hard links; archive and dump the files they
  -?, --help                 give this help list

因为/只有一个，所以要去掉/

[root@centos71 ~]# tar   -zcvf   /tmp/etc.tar.gz  /etc
[root@centos71 ~]# ll -h  /tmp/etc.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9.8M Dec 13 21:19 /tmp/etc.tar.gz
[root@centos71 ~]# du  -s  /etc/
32096    /etc/
[root@centos71 ~]# du  -sh  /etc/
32M    /etc/

[root@centos71 ~]# tar  -xvf  /tmp/etc.tar.gz
[root@centos71 ~]# du  -sh  etc/
32M    etc/

进行批量压缩数据

[root@centos71 ~]# find  -type f  -name   "m*.conf"    |  xargs   tar zcvf  /test/m.tar.gz
./etc/libreport/events.d/mailx_event.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_format.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_formatdup.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mailx.conf
./etc/ld.so.conf.d/mariadb-x86_64.conf
./etc/man_db.conf
./etc/mke2fs.conf
[root@centos71 ~]# ls /test
m.tar.gz

[root@centos71 ~]# tar  -tf  /test/m.tar.gz
./etc/libreport/events.d/mailx_event.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_format.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_formatdup.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mailx.conf
./etc/ld.so.conf.d/mariadb-x86_64.conf
./etc/man_db.conf
./etc/mke2fs.conf

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test
m.tar.gz
[root@centos71 ~]# find  -type f  -name   "m*.conf"     -exec tar zcvf /test/m.conf.tar.gz {} \;
./etc/libreport/events.d/mailx_event.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_format.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_formatdup.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mailx.conf
./etc/ld.so.conf.d/mariadb-x86_64.conf
./etc/man_db.conf
./etc/mke2fs.conf
[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test
m.conf.tar.gz  m.tar.gz

[root@centos71 ~]# tar  -tf  /test/m.conf.tar.gz
./etc/mke2fs.conf

[root@centos71 ~]# find  -type f  -name   "m*.conf"     -exec tar zcvf /test/m.conf.tar.gz {} +;
./etc/libreport/events.d/mailx_event.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_format.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_formatdup.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mailx.conf
./etc/ld.so.conf.d/mariadb-x86_64.conf
./etc/man_db.conf
./etc/mke2fs.conf
[root@centos71 ~]# tar  -tf  /test/m.conf.tar.gz
./etc/libreport/events.d/mailx_event.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_format.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_formatdup.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf
./etc/libreport/plugins/mailx.conf
./etc/ld.so.conf.d/mariadb-x86_64.conf
./etc/man_db.conf
./etc/mke2fs.conf
[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test
m.conf.tar.gz  m.tar.gz
[root@centos71 ~]#