WPF界面设计技巧（2）—自定义漂亮的按钮样式

原文:WPF界面设计技巧（2）—自定义漂亮的按钮样式

上次做了个很酷的不规则窗体，这次我们来弄点好看的按钮出来，此次将采用纯代码来设计按钮样式，不需要 Microsoft Expression Design 辅助了。

首先打开 Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 ，新建一个WPF项目，在上面随便放几个按钮：



然后给各个按钮设置不同的背景颜色：



设置好之后就是这样啦：



然后我们就开始在 App.xaml 文件中定义按钮样式了：



定义的样式代码如下：

Code<Application x:Class="WPFButton.App"    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"    StartupUri="Window1.xaml">    <Application.Resources>        <!--定义按钮样式-->        <Style TargetType="Button">            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Black"/>            <!--修改模板属性-->            <Setter Property="Template">                <Setter.Value>                    <!--控件模板-->                    <ControlTemplate TargetType="Button">                        <!--背景色-->                        <Border x:Name="back" Opacity="0.8" CornerRadius="3">                            <Border.BitmapEffect>                                <OuterGlowBitmapEffect Opacity="0.7" GlowSize="0" GlowColor="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" />                            </Border.BitmapEffect>                            <Border.Background>                                <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1.5">                                    <GradientBrush.GradientStops>                                        <GradientStopCollection>                                            <GradientStop Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" Offset="0"/>                                            <GradientStop Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" Offset="0.4"/>                                            <GradientStop Color="#FFF" Offset="1"/>                                        </GradientStopCollection>                                    </GradientBrush.GradientStops>                                </LinearGradientBrush>                            </Border.Background>                            <!--前景色及边框-->                            <Border x:Name="fore" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="3" BorderBrush="#5555">                                <Border.Background>                                    <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">                                        <GradientBrush.GradientStops>                                            <GradientStopCollection>                                                <GradientStop Color="#6FFF" Offset="0.5"/>                                                <GradientStop Color="#1111" Offset="0.51"/>                                            </GradientStopCollection>                                        </GradientBrush.GradientStops>                                    </LinearGradientBrush>                                </Border.Background>                                <!--按钮内容-->                                <ContentPresenter x:Name="content" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Content="{TemplateBinding  Content}">                                    <ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect>                                        <DropShadowBitmapEffect Color="#000" Direction="-90" ShadowDepth="2" Softness="0.1" Opacity="0.3" />                                    </ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect>                                </ContentPresenter>                            </Border>                        </Border>                        <!--触发器-->                        <ControlTemplate.Triggers>                            <!--鼠标移入移出-->                            <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">                                <Trigger.EnterActions>                                    <BeginStoryboard>                                        <Storyboard>                                            <DoubleAnimation To="6" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />                                            <ColorAnimation To="#AFFF" BeginTime="0:0:0.2" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation To="#3FFF" BeginTime="0:0:0.2" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                        </Storyboard>                                    </BeginStoryboard>                                </Trigger.EnterActions>                                <Trigger.ExitActions>                                    <BeginStoryboard>                                        <Storyboard>                                            <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                        </Storyboard>                                    </BeginStoryboard>                                </Trigger.ExitActions>                            </Trigger>                            <!--按钮按下弹起-->                            <Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="True">                                <Trigger.EnterActions>                                    <BeginStoryboard>                                        <Storyboard>                                            <DoubleAnimation To="3" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />                                            <ColorAnimation To="#3AAA" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation To="#2111" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                        </Storyboard>                                    </BeginStoryboard>                                </Trigger.EnterActions>                                <Trigger.ExitActions>                                    <BeginStoryboard>                                        <Storyboard>                                            <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                        </Storyboard>                                    </BeginStoryboard>                                </Trigger.ExitActions>                            </Trigger>                            <!--按钮失效-->                            <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">                                <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#B444"/>                                <Trigger.EnterActions>                                    <BeginStoryboard>                                        <Storyboard>                                            <DoubleAnimation To="0" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />                                            <DoubleAnimation To="1" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)" />                                            <DoubleAnimation To="-135" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)" />                                            <ColorAnimation To="#FFF" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation To="#D555" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation To="#CEEE" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation To="#CDDD" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                        </Storyboard>                                    </BeginStoryboard>                                </Trigger.EnterActions>                                <Trigger.ExitActions>                                    <BeginStoryboard>                                        <Storyboard>                                            <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />                                            <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)" />                                            <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)" />                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                        </Storyboard>                                    </BeginStoryboard>                                </Trigger.ExitActions>                            </Trigger>                        </ControlTemplate.Triggers>                    </ControlTemplate>                </Setter.Value>            </Setter>        </Style>    </Application.Resources></Application>

看了先不要头大，我们先看看最终效果，然后回过头来再解释代码：



这是常规样式



这个是鼠标移到上面时的样式



这个是鼠标点击时的样式



还有就是按钮失效时的样式

效果还算不错吧，下面来讲解代码喽，头晕的同学可以现在就收拾东西回家了哈。



我们先来看这个命名为“back”的 Border 元素，它用它的 Background 属性充当了整个按钮的背景色。

<Border.Background>                                <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1.5">                                    <GradientBrush.GradientStops>                                        <GradientStopCollection>                                            <GradientStop Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" Offset="0"/>                                            <GradientStop Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" Offset="0.4"/>                                            <GradientStop Color="#FFF" Offset="1"/>                                        </GradientStopCollection>                                    </GradientBrush.GradientStops>                                </LinearGradientBrush>                            </Border.Background>

其背景所用的是一个渐变笔刷，起始值和中间值都是引用的按钮本身的背景色，就是我们之前设置过的颜色啦，终止值是白色，这样通过位置调整，我们可以在按钮最下部产生一些向白色的过度色彩效果。

<Border.BitmapEffect>                                <OuterGlowBitmapEffect Opacity="0.7" GlowSize="0" GlowColor="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" />                            </Border.BitmapEffect>

它的 BitmapEffect 属性我们设置了一个大小为 0 的外发光效果，平常是看不见这效果的，在这里预先设置好，是为了在鼠标移入、按下时实现动画使用。



再来看看这个命名为“fore”的 Border 元素，它实现的是按钮的边框和高亮反光效果，我为它设置了一个半透明的黑色1像素边框，使得这个边框的色彩可以和背景色混合起来。

                                <Border.Background>                                    <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">                                        <GradientBrush.GradientStops>                                            <GradientStopCollection>                                                <GradientStop Color="#6FFF" Offset="0.5"/>                                                <GradientStop Color="#1111" Offset="0.51"/>                                            </GradientStopCollection>                                        </GradientBrush.GradientStops>                                    </LinearGradientBrush>                                </Border.Background>

它的背景同样采用的渐变笔刷，起始值和终止值的位置几乎贴在一起，从而形成比较鲜明的反光度对比。



ContentPresenter 元素用于呈现按钮原本的内容，对于按钮来说就是按钮上的文字了，当然也可能会存在图片或其它东西。

                                    <ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect>                                        <DropShadowBitmapEffect Color="#000" Direction="-90" ShadowDepth="2" Softness="0.1" Opacity="0.3" />                                    </ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect>

我为之加了一个不太明显的阴影滤镜以增强显示效果。



剩下的就是些可爱又该死的 Trigger ，我们通过这些触发器来改变按钮在不同状态时的外观。

                            <!--鼠标移入移出-->                            <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">                                <Trigger.EnterActions>                                    <BeginStoryboard>                                        <Storyboard>                                            <DoubleAnimation To="6" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />                                            <ColorAnimation To="#AFFF" BeginTime="0:0:0.2" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation To="#3FFF" BeginTime="0:0:0.2" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                        </Storyboard>                                    </BeginStoryboard>                                </Trigger.EnterActions>                                <Trigger.ExitActions>                                    <BeginStoryboard>                                        <Storyboard>                                            <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                        </Storyboard>                                    </BeginStoryboard>                                </Trigger.ExitActions>                            </Trigger>

在鼠标移入按钮时，我依次创建了改变外发光效果大小、改变上部反光区域颜色、改变下部反光区域颜色的动画，这里的要点就在于“Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)"”属性设置语句，琢磨一下你就能看出这是对属性路径的描述，只不过它们写起来和看起来都很让人生气。

                            <!--按钮按下弹起-->                            <Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="True">                                <Trigger.EnterActions>                                    <BeginStoryboard>                                        <Storyboard>                                            <DoubleAnimation To="3" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />                                            <ColorAnimation To="#3AAA" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation To="#2111" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                        </Storyboard>                                    </BeginStoryboard>                                </Trigger.EnterActions>                                <Trigger.ExitActions>                                    <BeginStoryboard>                                        <Storyboard>                                            <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                        </Storyboard>                                    </BeginStoryboard>                                </Trigger.ExitActions>                            </Trigger>

按下和弹起按钮时，我们做了相似的动画改变，与前面相比只是数值略微不同。

                            <!--按钮失效-->                            <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">                                <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#B444"/>                                <Trigger.EnterActions>                                    <BeginStoryboard>                                        <Storyboard>                                            <DoubleAnimation To="0" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />                                            <DoubleAnimation To="1" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)" />                                            <DoubleAnimation To="-135" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)" />                                            <ColorAnimation To="#FFF" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation To="#D555" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation To="#CEEE" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation To="#CDDD" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                        </Storyboard>                                    </BeginStoryboard>                                </Trigger.EnterActions>                                <Trigger.ExitActions>                                    <BeginStoryboard>                                        <Storyboard>                                            <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />                                            <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)" />                                            <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)" />                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />                                        </Storyboard>                                    </BeginStoryboard>                                </Trigger.ExitActions>                            </Trigger>

当按钮失效时，我要改变很多东西，首先将文字颜色设为灰色，然后依次创建了改变外发光效果大小、改变内容阴影效果不透明度、改变内容阴影效果角度、改变内容阴影效果颜色、改变按钮边框颜色、改变上部反光区域颜色、改变下部反光区域颜色的动画。

这里将先前对内容应用的阴影效果彻底改变，使之产生凹陷的效果。

好了，到这里就下课啦，文章有点冗长了，但应该对新手很有帮助，老鸟估计现在已经梦游仙境了吧。

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