在 centos6 安装 MySQL5.7 官方文档

Adding the MySQL Yum Repository

First, add the MySQL Yum repository to your system's
repository list. Follow these steps:
1. Go to the download page for MySQL Yum repository at
  https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/.
2. Select and download the release package for your
  platform.
3. Install the downloaded release package with the
  following command, replacing
  platform-and-version-specific-package-name
  with the name of the downloaded package:
```
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shell> sudo rpm -Uvh platform-and-version-specific-package-name.rpm
```
  For example, for version n of
  the package for EL6-based systems, the command is:
```
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shell> sudo rpm -Uvh mysql80-community-release-el6-n.noarch.rpm
```
Note

Once the release package is installed on your system, any
system-wide update by the yum update
command (or dnf upgrade for dnf-enabled
systems) will automatically upgrade MySQL packages on your
system and also replace any native third-party packages, if
Yum finds replacements for them in the MySQL Yum repository.
See Upgrading MySQL with the MySQL Yum Repository and
Replacing a Native Third-Party Distribution of MySQL for details.

Selecting a Release Series

When using the MySQL Yum repository, the latest GA release of
MySQL is selected for installation by default. If this is what
you want, you can skip to the next step,
Installing MySQL with Yum.

Within the MySQL Yum repository
(https://repo.mysql.com/yum/),
different release series of the MySQL Community Server are
hosted in different subrepositories. The subrepository for the
latest GA series (currently MySQL 8.0)

      is enabled by default, and the subrepositories for all other

      series (for example, the MySQL 5.7 series) are

      disabled by default. Use this command to see all the

      subrepositories in the MySQL Yum repository, and see which of

      them are enabled or disabled (for dnf-enabled systems, replace

      <span class="command"><strong>yum</strong></span> in the command with

      <span class="command"><strong>dnf</strong></span>):


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shell> yum repolist all | grep mysql

To install the latest release from the latest GA series, no
configuration is needed. To install the latest release from a
specific series other than the latest GA series, disable the
subrepository for the latest GA series and enable the
subrepository for the specific series before running the
installation command. If your platform supports the
yum-config-manager or dnf
config-manager command, you can do that by issuing,
for example, the following commands, which disable the
subrepository for the 8.0 series and enable the
one for the 5.7 series; for platforms that are
not dnf-enabled:


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shell> sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community

shell> sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community

For dnf-enabled platforms:


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shell> sudo dnf config-manager --disable mysql80-community

shell> sudo dnf config-manager --enable mysql57-community

Besides using yum-config-manager or the
dnf config-manager command, you can also
select a series by editing manually the
/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
file. This is a typical entry for a release series'
subrepository in the file:


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[mysql80-community]

name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server

baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/6/$basearch/

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

      Find the entry for the subrepository you want to configure,

      and edit the <code class="option">enabled</code> option. Specify

      <code class="option">enabled=0</code> to disable a subrepository, or

      <code class="option">enabled=1</code> to enable a subrepository. For

      example, to install MySQL 5.7, make sure you

      have <code class="option">enabled=0</code> for the above subrepository

      entry for MySQL 8.0, and have

      <code class="option">enabled=1</code> for the entry for the

      5.7 series:

    </p><div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper" style="position: relative;"><pre class="programlisting line-numbers  language-ini"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa47436371" style="display: none;"><div class="copy-help left" style="display: none;">Press CTRL+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class=" language-ini"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># Enable to use MySQL 5.7</span>

[mysql57-community]

name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server

baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/6/$basearch/

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

You should only enable subrepository for one release series at

any time. When subrepositories for more than one release

series are enabled, the latest series will be used by Yum.

Verify that the correct subrepositories have been enabled and

disabled by running the following command and checking its

output (for dnf-enabled systems, replace

yum in the command with

dnf):


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shell> yum repolist enabled | grep mysql

Installing MySQL

Install MySQL by the following command (for dnf-enabled
systems, replace yum in the command with
dnf):


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shell> sudo yum install mysql-community-server

This installs the package for the MySQL server, as well as
other required packages.

Starting the MySQL Server

Start the MySQL server with the following command:


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shell> sudo service mysqld start

For EL7-based platforms, this is the preferred command:


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shell> sudo systemctl start mysqld.service

You can check the status of the MySQL server with the
following command:


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shell> sudo service mysqld status

For EL7-based platforms, this is the preferred command:


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shell> sudo systemctl status mysqld.service

MySQL Server Initialization (as of MySQL
5.7): At the initial start up of the server, the
following happens, given that the data directory of the server
is empty:

The server is initialized.
An SSL certificate and key files are generated in the data
directory.
The validate_password
plugin is installed and enabled.
A superuser account 'root'@'localhost'
is created. A password for the superuser is set and stored
in the error log file. To reveal it, use the following
command:
```
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shell> sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
```
Change the root password as soon as possible by logging in
with the generated, temporary password and set a custom
password for the superuser account:
```
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shell> mysql -uroot -p
```
```
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mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
```

Note

MySQL's
validate_password
plugin is installed by default. This will require that
passwords contain at least one upper case letter, one lower
case letter, one digit, and one special character, and that
the total password length is at least 8 characters.