前言

在进行某些爬虫任务的时候，我们经常会遇到仅用Http协议难以攻破的情况，比如协议中带有加密参数，破解需要花费大量时间，那这时候就会用Selenium去模拟浏览器进行页面上的元素抓取

大多数情况下我们用Selenium只是爬取一下页面上可见的元素信息或者做一些模拟人工的操作，但页面可见元素的数据字段毕竟有限，有许多有用的字段隐藏在接口响应中的，但是要如何拿到接口响应内容呢？

在网上搜索Selenium如何获取Chrome中Network数据包响应结果，大多数的文章都是Python或者Java，C#的资源少之又少，虽然知道原理，但每个语言之间SDK代码实现相差很大，C#的SDK真的有点魔改，需要自己慢慢摸索

探索

通过寻找资料，大致就2种方案

方案1：通过Selenium指定本地一个代理去截取所有请求，类似于常见抓包工具的原理，但是C#是没有这种插件，也有可能是我没找到，比如Python和Java有一个叫Browsermob-Proxy的插件，可以和Selenium深度结合实现代理抓包。我利用FiddlerCore做了一个本地代理工具，但是并不好用，不能和Selenium进行深度绑定使用，会导致Selenium爬取过程和请求截取是异步进行的，强行用代码实现同步又很难受，达不到我想要的要求

方案2：Selenium通过chromedriver开启浏览器的性能日志功能，记录类型为Performance的日志，该功能在Selenium中叫做 PerformanceLoggingPreferences。网页加载完成后，可以通过Selenium拿到浏览器Performance Logs摘要信息，再利用Log中的RequestId调用Chrome CDP命令去浏览器端获取日志的完整内容。Selenium封装的CDP，本质上还是Http请求，只是带着驱动窗口的SessionId和Chrome的API做交互

方案1参考资料：

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32502511/article/details/101536325 （Python + Browsermob-Proxy）

https://blog.csdn.net/fontcolor0/article/details/103297635/ （Java + Browsermob-Proxy）

https://www.cnblogs.com/airoot/articles/14888284.html (C# + FiddlerCore)

方案2参考资料：

https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/ （Chrome DevTools Protocol 介绍）

https://www.jianshu.com/p/615e3c0140a5 （Python + 开启PerfLoggingPref）

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_49855251/article/details/112281901 (不同日志类型的介绍)

https://blog.csdn.net/bigcarp/article/details/115065730 （Java + 原生CDP协议获取日志内容）

上手

启用Logging：

C#伪代码示例：

首先需要安装最新的Nuget包：OpenQA.Selenium

var option = new ChromeOptions();
option.SetLoggingPreference("performance",OpenQA.Selenium.LogLevel.Info); //启用performance日志，等级为Info即可
option.PerformanceLoggingPreferences = new ChromiumPerformanceLoggingPreferences() {
     IsCollectingNetworkEvents = true //采集网络请求事件
};
using (ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(driverPath,option,TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5))) {
     driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://item.m.jd.com/product/10052422060501.html");
     Thread.Sleep(3 * 1000); //等待页面加载完成
 　　 var logs = driver.Manage().Logs.GetLog("performance"); //获取所有performance日志
}

顺便放个Python代码做个对比：

caps = {
    'browserName': 'chrome',
    'loggingPrefs': {
        'performance': 'Info', //启用performance日志，等级为Info即可
    },
    'goog:chromeOptions': {
        'perfLoggingPrefs': {
            'enableNetwork': True, //采集网络请求事件
        },
        'w3c': False,
    },
}
driver = webdriver.Chrome(desired_capabilities=caps)
//TODO 获取日志
//.....

分析Logging：

我们从返回的日志列表里随便挑一个看看原始内容：

{[2022-08-03T08:47:31Z] [Info] {"message":{"method":"Network.responseReceived","params":{"frameId":"78D9BC6F0CBE162DA6779F410AA1500C","hasExtraInfo":true,"loaderId":"33814E6BD702343CF0A2A38C976C772F","requestId":"33814E6BD702343CF0A2A38C976C772F","response":{"connectionId":242,"connectionReused":false,"encodedDataLength":546,"fromDiskCache":false,"fromPrefetchCache":false,"fromServiceWorker":false,"headers":{"access-control-allow-credentials":"true","access-control-allow-headers":"Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, multipart/form-data, Accept, Authorization","access-control-allow-methods":"POST, GET, PATCH, DELETE, PUT, OPTIONS","access-control-allow-origin":"*","access-control-max-age":"3600","cache-control":"no-cache,no-store","content-encoding":"gzip","content-language":"zh-CN","content-type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","date":"Wed, 03 Aug 2022 08:47:33 GMT","hit":"bj-9153118133147527","server":"jfe","strict-transport-security":"max-age=86400","vary":"Accept-Encoding"},"mimeType":"text/html","protocol":"h2","remoteIPAddress":"106.39.169.120","remotePort":443,"responseTime":1.659516451658764e+12,"securityDetails":{"certificateId":0,"certificateTransparencyCompliance":"compliant","cipher":"AES_256_GCM","issuer":"GlobalSign RSA OV SSL CA 2018","keyExchange":"","keyExchangeGroup":"X25519","protocol":"TLS 1.3","sanList":["*.jd.com","*.360buy.com","*.360buyimg.com","*.3.cn","*.7fresh.com","*.baitiao.com","*.chinabank.com.cn","*.e.jd.com","*.jd.co.th","*.jddglobal.com","*.jd.hk","*.jd.id","*.jdpay.com","*.jd.ru","*.jdworldwide.com","*.jdx.com","*.joybuy.com","*.joybuy.es","*.jr.jd.com","*.k.jd.com","*.m.jd.com","*.m.yhd.com","*.shop.jd.com","*.wangyin.com","*.yhd.com","*.yiyaojd.com","360buy.com","360buyimg.com","3.cn","7fresh.com","baitiao.com","chinabank.com.cn","jd.co.th","jddglobal.com","jd.hk","jd.id","jdpay.com","jd.ru","jdworldwide.com","jdx.com","joybuy.com","joybuy.es","wangyin.com","yhd.com","yiyaojd.com","jd.com"],"signedCertificateTimestampList":[{"hashAlgorithm":"SHA-256","logDescription":"Sectigo 'Mammoth' CT log","logId":"6F5376AC31F03119D89900A45115FF77151C11D902C10029068DB2089A37D913","origin":"Embedded in certificate","signatureAlgorithm":"ECDSA","signatureData":"3045022017A2AC492303F50786758D0B4B63EEB8D031850832031FC5A43139C0CDA5EB4F0221009063F884220327718857A6897B87ED5D9F785FFC97F23BD45C84975A11DE721E","status":"Verified","timestamp":1.634109209345e+12},{"hashAlgorithm":"SHA-256","logDescription":"Google 'Argon2022' log","logId":"2979BEF09E393921F056739F63A577E5BE577D9C600AF8F94D5D265C255DC784","origin":"Embedded in certificate","signatureAlgorithm":"ECDSA","signatureData":"3045022071D6D51A59CAA1764E478598AA8EE34B628C8F856B09CDB8382E090CF5D6D97D022100A8FE17E028BB6D439387721974ED3629B9CC44C90AC524B505B9B2375C75CBB9","status":"Verified","timestamp":1.634109210136e+12},{"hashAlgorithm":"SHA-256","logDescription":"Sectigo 'Sabre' CT log","logId":"5581D4C2169036014AEA0B9B573C53F0C0E43878702508172FA3AA1D0713D30C","origin":"Embedded in certificate","signatureAlgorithm":"ECDSA","signatureData":"3045022015D94080264A3FCA83C0F3DE2B85A703384BB678FEBBE5408B4FF7D30BD40900022100DFBAB7992EE99420724CA35A5C2C252298B750994B0EAA98ACB22992F97D545E","status":"Verified","timestamp":1.634109209393e+12}],"subjectName":"*.jd.com","validFrom":1634109205,"validTo":1668410005},"securityState":"secure","status":200,"statusText":"","timing":{"connectEnd":96.834,"connectStart":19.521,"dnsEnd":19.521,"dnsStart":0,"proxyEnd":-1,"proxyStart":-1,"pushEnd":0,"pushStart":0,"receiveHeadersEnd":217.707,"requestTime":2272960.91089,"sendEnd":97.25,"sendStart":97.03,"sslEnd":96.829,"sslStart":55.726,"workerFetchStart":-1,"workerReady":-1,"workerRespondWithSettled":-1,"workerStart":-1},"url":"https://item.m.jd.com/product/10052422060501.html"},"timestamp":2272961.1294,"type":"Document"}},"webview":"78D9BC6F0CBE162DA6779F410AA1500C"}}

我们格式化一下，可以发现日志里已经包含了请求的大部分描述信息，我们需要遍历过滤出method为Network.responseReceived的日志，当然你也可以再根据其他的一些参数过滤出你要的请求

每个日志都有一个requestId，我们再通过该值调CDP命令[Network.getResponseBody]换取具体内容

{
    "message": {
        "method": "Network.responseReceived",
        "params": {
            "frameId": "78D9BC6F0CBE162DA6779F410AA1500C",
            "hasExtraInfo": true,
            "loaderId": "33814E6BD702343CF0A2A38C976C772F",
            "requestId": "33814E6BD702343CF0A2A38C976C772F",
            "response": {
                "connectionId": 242,
                "connectionReused": false,
                "encodedDataLength": 546,
                "fromDiskCache": false,
                "fromPrefetchCache": false,
                "fromServiceWorker": false,
                "headers": {
                    "access-control-allow-credentials": "true",
                    "access-control-allow-headers": "Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, multipart/form-data, Accept, Authorization",
                    "access-control-allow-methods": "POST, GET, PATCH, DELETE, PUT, OPTIONS",
                    "access-control-allow-origin": "*",
                    "access-control-max-age": "3600",
                    "cache-control": "no-cache,no-store",
                    "content-encoding": "gzip",
                    "content-language": "zh-CN",
                    "content-type": "text/html;charset=UTF-8",
                    "date": "Wed, 03 Aug 2022 08:47:33 GMT",
                    "hit": "bj-9153118133147527",
                    "server": "jfe",
                    "strict-transport-security": "max-age=86400",
                    "vary": "Accept-Encoding"
                },
                "mimeType": "text/html",
                "protocol": "h2",
                "remoteIPAddress": "106.39.169.120",
                "remotePort": 443,
                "responseTime": 1.659516451658764e+12,
                "securityDetails": {
                    "certificateId": 0,
                    "certificateTransparencyCompliance": "compliant",
                    "cipher": "AES_256_GCM",
                    "issuer": "GlobalSign RSA OV SSL CA 2018",
                    "keyExchange": "",
                    "keyExchangeGroup": "X25519",
                    "protocol": "TLS 1.3",
                    "sanList": ["*.jd.com", "*.360buy.com", "*.360buyimg.com", "*.3.cn", "*.7fresh.com", "*.baitiao.com", "*.chinabank.com.cn", "*.e.jd.com", "*.jd.co.th", "*.jddglobal.com", "*.jd.hk", "*.jd.id", "*.jdpay.com", "*.jd.ru", "*.jdworldwide.com", "*.jdx.com", "*.joybuy.com", "*.joybuy.es", "*.jr.jd.com", "*.k.jd.com", "*.m.jd.com", "*.m.yhd.com", "*.shop.jd.com", "*.wangyin.com", "*.yhd.com", "*.yiyaojd.com", "360buy.com", "360buyimg.com", "3.cn", "7fresh.com", "baitiao.com", "chinabank.com.cn", "jd.co.th", "jddglobal.com", "jd.hk", "jd.id", "jdpay.com", "jd.ru", "jdworldwide.com", "jdx.com", "joybuy.com", "joybuy.es", "wangyin.com", "yhd.com", "yiyaojd.com", "jd.com"],
                    "signedCertificateTimestampList": [{
                        "hashAlgorithm": "SHA-256",
                        "logDescription": "Sectigo 'Mammoth' CT log",
                        "logId": "6F5376AC31F03119D89900A45115FF77151C11D902C10029068DB2089A37D913",
                        "origin": "Embedded in certificate",
                        "signatureAlgorithm": "ECDSA",
                        "signatureData": "3045022017A2AC492303F50786758D0B4B63EEB8D031850832031FC5A43139C0CDA5EB4F0221009063F884220327718857A6897B87ED5D9F785FFC97F23BD45C84975A11DE721E",
                        "status": "Verified",
                        "timestamp": 1.634109209345e+12
                    }, {
                        "hashAlgorithm": "SHA-256",
                        "logDescription": "Google 'Argon2022' log",
                        "logId": "2979BEF09E393921F056739F63A577E5BE577D9C600AF8F94D5D265C255DC784",
                        "origin": "Embedded in certificate",
                        "signatureAlgorithm": "ECDSA",
                        "signatureData": "3045022071D6D51A59CAA1764E478598AA8EE34B628C8F856B09CDB8382E090CF5D6D97D022100A8FE17E028BB6D439387721974ED3629B9CC44C90AC524B505B9B2375C75CBB9",
                        "status": "Verified",
                        "timestamp": 1.634109210136e+12
                    }, {
                        "hashAlgorithm": "SHA-256",
                        "logDescription": "Sectigo 'Sabre' CT log",
                        "logId": "5581D4C2169036014AEA0B9B573C53F0C0E43878702508172FA3AA1D0713D30C",
                        "origin": "Embedded in certificate",
                        "signatureAlgorithm": "ECDSA",
                        "signatureData": "3045022015D94080264A3FCA83C0F3DE2B85A703384BB678FEBBE5408B4FF7D30BD40900022100DFBAB7992EE99420724CA35A5C2C252298B750994B0EAA98ACB22992F97D545E",
                        "status": "Verified",
                        "timestamp": 1.634109209393e+12
                    }],
                    "subjectName": "*.jd.com",
                    "validFrom": 1634109205,
                    "validTo": 1668410005
                },
                "securityState": "secure",
                "status": 200,
                "statusText": "",
                "timing": {
                    "connectEnd": 96.834,
                    "connectStart": 19.521,
                    "dnsEnd": 19.521,
                    "dnsStart": 0,
                    "proxyEnd": -1,
                    "proxyStart": -1,
                    "pushEnd": 0,
                    "pushStart": 0,
                    "receiveHeadersEnd": 217.707,
                    "requestTime": 2272960.91089,
                    "sendEnd": 97.25,
                    "sendStart": 97.03,
                    "sslEnd": 96.829,
                    "sslStart": 55.726,
                    "workerFetchStart": -1,
                    "workerReady": -1,
                    "workerRespondWithSettled": -1,
                    "workerStart": -1
                },
                "url": "https://item.m.jd.com/product/10052422060501.html"
            },
            "timestamp": 2272961.1294,
            "type": "Document"
        }
    },
    "webview": "78D9BC6F0CBE162DA6779F410AA1500C"
}

完整代码：

var option = new ChromeOptions();
option.SetLoggingPreference("performance",OpenQA.Selenium.LogLevel.Info); //启用performance日志，等级为Info即可
option.PerformanceLoggingPreferences = new ChromiumPerformanceLoggingPreferences() {
     IsCollectingNetworkEvents = true //采集网络请求事件
};
using (ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(driverPath,option,TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5))) {
     driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://item.m.jd.com/product/10052422060501.html");
     Thread.Sleep(3 * 1000); //等待页面加载完成
     var logs = driver.Manage().Logs.GetLog("performance").Where(o => o.Message.Contains("\"Network.responseReceived\""))；//获取所有performance日志，并过滤出所有类型为Network.responseReceived的日志
　　　foreach (var log in logs) {
　　　　　　//日志找不到就会抛出异常，必须要捕获异常
　　　　　　try {
　　　　　　　　var json = JObject.Parse(log.Message);
　　　　　　　　var url = json["message"]["params"]["response"]["url"].ToString(); //请求url，可通过url过滤出你要的请求
　　　　　　　　var requestId = json["message"]["params"]["requestId"].ToString();
　　　　　　　　//利用RequestId做为参数，执行CDP命令获取日志详细内容。 踩坑警告：返回的是一个字典，需要转换为Dictionary<string,object>
　　　　　　　　var response = driver.ExecuteCdpCommand("Network.getResponseBody",new Dictionary<string,object>() {{ "requestId",requestId }}) as Dictionary<string,object>;
　　　　　　　　if (response.TryGetValue("body",out object? bodyObj) && bodyObj != null) {
　　　　　　　　　　string body = bodyObj.ToString();
　　　　　　　　　　Console.WriteLine($"输出Body内容：{body}");
　　　　　　　　}
　　　　　　} catch(Exception ex){
　　　　　　　　//记录错误日志
　　　　　　}
　　　}
}

封装

为了以后方便复用，我封装了一个类

其中过滤条件的入参，可以根据实际情况自行修改，如果不需要对body内容进行过滤可以去掉这个参数，这样就不用每次等待拿到结果再过滤，性能会好很多

　　 /// <summary>
    /// Selenium网络请求日志帮助类
    /// </summary>
    public class NetworkLoggingHelper
    {
        static readonly Logger logger = NlogProvider.GetLogger();
 
        /// <summary>
        /// 开启网络请求日志
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="option"></param>
        public static void OpenNetworkPerformanceLogging(ref ChromeOptions option)
        {
            option.SetLoggingPreference("performance",OpenQA.Selenium.LogLevel.Info);
            option.PerformanceLoggingPreferences = new ChromiumPerformanceLoggingPreferences() {
                IsCollectingNetworkEvents = true
            };
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取网络请求数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="driver"></param>
        /// <param name="filter">过滤条件 入参1：请求的url | 入参2：请求的mimeType | 入参3：请求的body</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Dictionary<string,string> GetNetworkApiDatas(ChromeDriver driver,Func<string,string,string,bool> filter)
        {
            Dictionary<string,string> datas = new Dictionary<string,string>();
            try {
                var logs = driver.Manage().Logs.GetLog("performance")?.Where(o => o.Message.Contains("\"Network.responseReceived\""));
                foreach (var log in logs) {
                    try {
                        var json = JObject.Parse(log.Message);
                        if (json["message"]["params"] == null || json["message"]["params"]["response"] == null) {
                            continue;
                        }
                        var url = json["message"]["params"]["response"]["url"].ToString();
                        var mimeType = json["message"]["params"]["response"]["mimeType"].ToString();
                        var requestId = json["message"]["params"]["requestId"].ToString();
                        var response = driver.ExecuteCdpCommand("Network.getResponseBody",new Dictionary<string,object>() {
                                { "requestId",requestId }
                            }) as Dictionary<string,object>;
                        if (response != null && response.Count > 0) {
                            //是否base64编码
                            var isBase64Encode = false;
                            if (response.TryGetValue("base64Encoded",out object? base64Encoded) && base64Encoded != null) {
                                isBase64Encode = (bool)base64Encoded;
                            }
                            //获取响应内容
                            string body = string.Empty;
                            if (response.TryGetValue("body",out object? bodyObj) && bodyObj != null) {
                                body = bodyObj.ToString();
                                if (isBase64Encode) {
                                    body = body.DecodeBase64(Encoding.UTF8);
                                }
                            }
                            //根据条件过滤，如果不需要body内容参与过滤条件判断，这个if语句可以移到获取response的上面，性能会好很多
                            if (filter.Invoke(url,mimeType,body)) {
                                datas.Add(url,body);
                            }
                        }
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        logger.Error(ex.Message);
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                logger.Error($"获取日志失败：{ex.Message}");
            }
            return datas;
        }
    }

调用示例：

var option = new ChromeOptions();
NetworkLoggingHelper.OpenNetworkPerformanceLogging(ref option); //开启日志
using (ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(driverPath,option,TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5))) {
    driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://item.m.jd.com/product/10052422060501.html");
    Thread.Sleep(3 * 1000); //等待页面加载完成
 
    var datas = NetworkLoggingHelper.GetNetworkApiDatas(driver,(url,mimeType,body) => {
        return url.Contains("//item.m.jd.com/product/") || mimeType.Contains("application/json") || body.Contains("windows.itemInfo");
    });
    Console.WriteLine(datas.Count);
}

Selenium工作原理

叙述一下selenium工作的过程

1.selenium client(python等语言编写的自动化测试脚本)初始化一个service服务，通过Webdriver启动浏览器驱动程序chromedriver.exe

2.通过RemoteWebDriver向浏览器驱动程序发送HTTP请求，浏览器驱动程序解析请求，打开浏览器，并获得sessionid，如果再次对浏览器操作需携带此id

3.打开浏览器，绑定特定的端口，把启动后的浏览器作为webdriver的remote server

3.打开浏览器后，所有的selenium的操作(访问地址，查找元素等)均通过RemoteConnection链接到remote server，然后使用execute方法调用_request方法通过urlib3向remote server发送请求

4.浏览器通过请求的内容执行对应动作

5.浏览器再把执行的动作结果通过浏览器驱动程序返回给测试脚本

6. webdriver.是 w3c 的标准协议。提供一组接口,用于发现和操作web文档中的DOM元素。

webdriver.是一系列的API.它给测试代码提供了定位和操作 wEB元素的能力。不同的开发语言有相应的wsbdriver.

↑↑↑↑ 该部分内容来自：https://www.cnblogs.com/xrxc/p/14776895.html

作者：Harry

原文出处：https://www.cnblogs.com/simendancer/articles/16546199.html

有些文本描述和图片源自网络，如有侵犯请私信告知

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