Oracle控制文件
一、Oracle 控制文件
为二进制文件，初始化大小由CREATE DATABASE指定,可以使用RMAN备份
记录了当前数据库的结构信息,同时也包含数据文件及日志文件的信息以及相关的状态,归档信息等等
在参数文件中描述其位置，个数等等。通常采用分散放开，多路复用的原则。在mount阶段被读取，open阶段一直被使用
维护数据库一致性(数据库启动时会比较控制文件与联机日志文件中的ckpt,即起始scn号，如相等则正常启动，否则需要介质恢复)
一个控制文件只能属于一个数据库
控制文件的任意修改将写入到初始化参数中指定的所有控制文件中，读取时则仅读取第一个控制文件
控制文件只能连接一个数据库，控制文件的大小一般不要超过MB,最多为个，最少一个，互为镜像
控制文件中包含的内容
数据库的名字、ID、创建的时间戳
表空间的名字
联机日志文件、数据文件的位置、个数、名字
联机日志的Sequence号码
检查点的信息
撤销段的开始或结束
归档信息
备份信息
二、查看控制文件的相关信息
1.使用相关视图来查看
V$CONTROLFILE --列出实例中所有控制文件的名字及状态信息
SYS@userdata>select * from v$controlfile; STATUS NAME IS_RECOVE BLOCK_SIZE FILE_SIZE_BLKS
--------------------- -------------------------------------------------- --------- ---------- --------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control01.ctl NO 16384 508
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control02.ctl NO 16384 508
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control03.ctl NO 16384 508
V$PARAMETER --列出所有参数的位置及状态信息
SYS@userdata>select name,value from v$parameter where name='control_files'; NAME
--------------------------------------------------
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
control_files
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control02.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control03.ctl
V$CONTROLFILE_RECORD_SECTION --列出控制文件中记录的部分信息
SHOW PARAMETER CONTROL_FILES --列出控制文件的名字、状态、位置等
SYS@userdata>show parameter control_files; NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
control_files string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/userda
ta/control01.ctl, /u01/app/ora
cle/oradata/userdata/control02
.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/
userdata/control03.ctl
2.使用STRINGS命令来查看控制文件中的具体内容
$ strings /u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control01.ctl
3.备份控制文件到平面文件(然后查看控制文件中的具体内容)
SYS@userdata>alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/home/oracle/ctl.txt'; Database altered.
4.转储控制文件内容(查看控制文件中的具体内容)
SYS@userdata>alter system set events 'immediate trace name controlf level 10'; System altered. SYS@userdata>show parameter user_dump; NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
user_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/admin/userdata
/udump
SYS@userdata>! ls -ltr /u01/app/oracle/admin/userdata/udump
total 1344
-..............
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 136039 Sep 13 16:49 userdata_ora_9476.trc
或者
SYS@userdata>oradebug setmypid
Statement processed.
SYS@userdata>select spid from v$process where addr=(select paddr from v$session where sid=(select sid from v$mystat where rownum=1)); SPID
------------------------------------
9476
SYS@userdata>oradebug dump controlf 12
Statement processed.
SYS@userdata>show parameter user_dump; NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
user_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/admin/userdata
/udump
SYS@userdata>! ls -lh /u01/app/oracle/admin/userdata/udump/*9476*
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 182K Sep 13 17:04 /u01/app/oracle/admin/userdata/udump/userdata_ora_9476.trc
三、控制文件个数与位置管理
spfile或pfile都可以实现对控制文件的个数及位置管理
spfile步骤
修改spfile参数中的control_files -- alter system ... scope = spfile | both |memory
一致性关闭数据库
增加或减少控制文件(cp or mv)
启动数据库使用spfile
验证结果
pfile步骤
一致性关闭数据库
修改pfile参数(vi或vim) 修改*.control_files＝......这一段
增加或减少控制文件(cp or mv)
启动数据库使用pfile
验证结果
1. 将控制文件减少到一个
SYS@userdata>show parameter control_files; NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
control_files string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/userda
ta/control01.ctl, /u01/app/ora
cle/oradata/userdata/control02
.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/
userdata/control03.ctl
SYS@userdata>alter system set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control01.ctl' scope=spfile; System altered. SYS@userdata>shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@userdata>startup mount;
ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 314572800 bytes
Fixed Size 2083592 bytes
Variable Size 255853816 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 6303744 bytes
Database mounted.
SYS@userdata>show parameter control_files; NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
control_files string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/userda
ta/control01.ctl
2. 将控制文件恢复到多路复用
SYS@userdata>show parameter control_files; NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
control_files string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/userda
ta/control01.ctl
SYS@userdata>alter system set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control03.ctl' scope=spfile; System altered.
SYS@userdata>shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: database not open Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@userdata>startup mount;
ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 314572800 bytes
Fixed Size 2083592 bytes
Variable Size 255853816 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 6303744 bytes
ORA-00214: control file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control01.ctl' version 740 inconsistent with file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control02.ctl' version 738 SYS@userdata>! cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control01.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control02.ctl SYS@userdata>! cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control01.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control03.ctl SYS@userdata>alter database mount; Database altered. SYS@userdata>alter database open; Database altered.
四、控制文件的备份
SYS@userdata>alter database backup controlfile to '/home/oracle/ctl_20170913.bak'; #归档模式下备份 Database altered. SYS@userdata>alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/home/oracle/ctl_20170913.txt'; #归档非非归档均可 Database altered. RMAN> backup current controlfile format '/home/oracle/ctl_rman.bak'; #采用rman方式备份 Starting backup at 2017-09-13 17:28:21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2017-09-13 17:28:22
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2017-09-13 17:28:25
piece handle=/home/oracle/ctl_rman.bak tag=TAG20170913T172821 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
Finished backup at 2017-09-13 17:28:25 RMAN> list backup; List of Backup Sets
=================== BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1 Full 7.98M DISK 00:00:02 2017-09-13 17:28:23
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20170913T172821
Piece Name: /home/oracle/ctl_rman.bak
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1133796 Ckp time: 2017-09-13 17:28:21
五、控制文件的恢复
1. 非归档模式下控制文件恢复
SYS@userdata>archive log list;
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination /arch
Oldest online log sequence 17
Current log sequence 19
SYS@userdata>show parameter control_files; NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
control_files string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/userda
ta/control01.ctl
SYS@userdata>alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/home/oracle/ctl_20170913.txt'; Database altered. SYS@userdata>create table temp_tb(id int,name varchar2(32)); Table created. SYS@userdata>insert into temp_tb values(1,'bill');
SYS@userdata>insert into temp)tb values(2,'sames'); 1 row created. SYS@userdata>commit; Commit complete. SYS@userdata>shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down. SYS@userdata>host rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control01.ctl SYS@userdata>startup;
ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 314572800 bytes
Fixed Size 2083592 bytes
Variable Size 255853816 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 6303744 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info SYS@userdata>host tail -n 10 /u01/app/oracle/admin/userdata/bdump/alert_userdata.log
starting up 1 shared server(s) ...
Wed Sep 13 19:17:55 2017
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
Wed Sep 13 19:17:55 2017
ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control01.ctl'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Wed Sep 13 19:17:58 2017
ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT...
可以看到唯一的控制文件丢失后,数据库启动到mount状态下报错,此时只能通过手动新建控制文件的方法来解决,完整的创建控制文件的语句如下所示
--重建控制文件主要有三个需要考虑的是
--搞清各个日志文件的大小及位置
--搞清各个数据文件的位置
--设置正确的字符集
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "USERDATA" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 200
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/redo01.log' SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/redo02.log' SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/redo03.log' SIZE 100M
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/users01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/example01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;
SYS@userdata> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "USERDATA" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 200
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/redo01.log' SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/redo02.log' SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/redo03.log' SIZE 100M
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/users01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/example01.dbf'
17 CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8; Control file created. SYS@userdata>alter database open; Database altered. SYS@userdata>select * from temp_tb; ID NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
1 bill
2 sames
2. 归档模式下控制文件恢复
SYS@userdata>archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /arch
Oldest online log sequence 19
Next log sequence to archive 21
Current log sequence 21
SYS@userdata>show parameter control_files; NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
control_files string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/userda
ta/control01.ctl
SYS@userdata>insert into temp_tb values(3,'jerry'); 1 row created.
YS@userdata>shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@userdata>host rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control01.ctl
SYS@userdata>startup
ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 314572800 bytes
Fixed Size 2083592 bytes
Variable Size 255853816 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 6303744 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
SYS@userdata>host tail -n 10 /u01/app/oracle/admin/userdata/bdump/alert_userdata.log
starting up 1 shared server(s) ...
Wed Sep 13 19:59:08 2017
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
Wed Sep 13 19:59:08 2017
ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control01.ctl'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Wed Sep 13 19:59:11 2017
ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT... SYS@userdata>host cp /home/oracle/archctl.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/control01.ctl
SYS@userdata>alter database mount; Database altered.
SYS@userdata>alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open SYS@userdata>shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: database not open Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@userdata>startup mount;
ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 314572800 bytes
Fixed Size 2083592 bytes
Variable Size 255853816 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 6303744 bytes
Database mounted.
SYS@userdata>alter database open resetlogs; Database altered. YS@userdata>select * from temp_tb; ID NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
1 bill
2 sames
3 jerry SYS@userdata>archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /arch
Oldest online log sequence 1
Next log sequence to archive 2
Current log sequence 2
SYS@userdata>select * from temp_tb; ID NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
1 bill
2 sames
3 jerry
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