PostgreSQL&PostGIS完全安装

检查PostGIS、PostgreSQL、GEOS、GDAL、PROJ等各软件的版本依赖关系

http://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/wiki/UsersWikiPostgreSQLPostGIS

1. 创建postgres用户和组

# groupadd -g  dba
# useradd -u  -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/pgsql postgres

2. 添加postgres用户环境变量

$ cat ~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
    . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

export PGHOME=/usr/local/pgsql
export PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql/data
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export DATE=`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"`
export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S>"

3. 调整系统参数

# tail -n  /etc/sysctl.conf
vm.overcommit_memory=
vm.overcommit_ratio=
fs.aio-max-nr=
fs.file-max=
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=
net.core.rmem_default=
net.core.rmem_max=
net.core.wmem_default=
net.core.wmem_max=
kernel.sem=
kernel.shmall=
kernel.shmmax=

# tail -n  /etc/security/limits.conf
postgres soft nproc
postgres hard nproc
postgres soft nofile
postgres hard nofile 

4. 安装依赖包

# yum install -y python-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed python-devel gcc-c++ openssl-devel readline readline-devel bzip2 zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pam pam-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel openldap openldap-devel libgeos-dev libproj-dev libgdal-dev xsltproc docbook-xsl docbook-xml imagemagick libmagickcore-dev dblatex tcl tcl-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel libpng12 libpng12-devel

5. 安装PostgreSQL

修改源码文件src/include/pg_config_manual.h中 "#define NAMEDATALEN"的值为256，这一步不是必须的，修改值是因为遇到过R.D的同事要建立的schema长度大于64个字符，但是pG默认是64字符，超过的长度会比截取掉。

注：如果缺少部分系统包的话可以通过如下网址查找 https://centos.pkgs.org/

$ wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.5.7/postgresql-9.5.7.tar.bz2
$ tar -jxf postgresql-9.5..tar.bz2
$ cd postgresql-9.5.
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql --with-wal-segsize= --with-perl --with-python --with-gssapi --with-pam --with-ldap --with-openssl --with-tcl --with-libxml --with-libxslt
$ make
$ make install
$ cd contrib/
$ make && make install
$ mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/{data,arch,plugin}
$ sudo echo "su - postgres -c 'pg_ctl start -D /usr/local/pgsql/data'" >> /etc/rc.local
$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/
$ cat /usr/local/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf | grep -v "^$" | grep -v "^#"
listen_addresses = '*'        # what IP address(es) to listen on;
port =                 # (change requires restart)
max_connections =             # (change requires restart)
shared_buffers = 2048MB            # min 128kB
logging_collector = on        # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
log_directory = 'pg_log'        # directory where log files are written,
log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'    # log file name pattern,
$ cat /usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf | grep -v "^$" | grep -v "^#"
local   all             all                                     trust
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/            trust
host    all             all             0.0.0.0/               md5
host    all             all             ::/                 trust
$ pg_ctl start -W
$ psql
psql (9.5.)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# select version();
                                                 version
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PostgreSQL 9.5. on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.4.  (Red Hat 4.4.-), -bit
( row)

 6.安装PostGIS

6.1 安装Proj4

$ wget http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-4.9.3.tar.gz
$ tar -xf proj-4.9..tar.gz
$ cd proj-4.9.
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/proj
$ make
$ make install
# echo "/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/proj/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/proj-4.9..conf
# ldconfig

6.2 安装GEOS

$ wget http://download.osgeo.org/geos/geos-3.6.1.tar.bz2
$ tar -jxf geos-3.6..tar.bz2
$ cd geos-3.6.
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/geos
$ make
$ make install
# echo "/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/geos/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/geos-3.6..conf
# ldconfig

6.3 安装GDAL

$ wget http://download.osgeo.org/gdal/2.1.2/gdal-2.1.2.tar.gz
$ tar -xf gdal-2.1..tar.gz
$ cd gdal-2.1.
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/gdal
$ make
$ make install
# echo "/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/gdal/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/gdal-2.1..conf
# ldconfig

6.4 安装PostGIS

$ wget http://download.osgeo.org/postgis/source/postgis-2.2.5.tar.gz
$ tar -xf postgis-2.2..tar.gz
$ cd postgis-2.2.
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/postgis --with-pgconfig=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_config --with-geosconfig=/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/geos/bin/geos-config --with-gdalconfig=/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/gdal/bin/gdal-config --with-projdir=/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/proj
..............................................................................................
  PostGIS is now configured for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu

 -------------- Compiler Info -------------
  C compiler:           gcc -g -O2
  SQL preprocessor:     /usr/bin/cpp -traditional-cpp -w -P

 -------------- Dependencies --------------
  GEOS config:          /usr/local/pgsql/plugin/geos/bin/geos-config
  GEOS version:         3.6.
  GDAL config:          /usr/local/pgsql/plugin/gdal/bin/gdal-config
  GDAL version:         2.1.
  PostgreSQL config:    /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_config
  PostgreSQL version:   PostgreSQL 9.5.
  PROJ4 version:
  Libxml2 config:       /usr/bin/xml2-config
  Libxml2 version:      2.7.
  JSON-C support:       no
  PCRE support:         no
  PostGIS debug level:
  Perl:                 /usr/bin/perl

 --------------- Extensions ---------------
  PostGIS Raster:       enabled
  PostGIS Topology:     enabled
  SFCGAL support:       disabled
  Address Standardizer support:       disabled

 -------- Documentation Generation --------
  xsltproc:             /usr/bin/xsltproc
  xsl style sheets:     /usr/share/sgml/docbook/xsl-stylesheets
  dblatex:
  convert:
  mathml2.dtd:          http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml2/mathml2.dtd
$ make
$ make install

7. 检查PostGiS是否安装成功

postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION hstore;
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION postgis;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION postgis_topology;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION fuzzystrmatch;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION postgis_tiger_geocoder;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# \dx
                                            List of installed extensions
          Name          | Version |   Schema   |                             Description
------------------------+---------+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------
 fuzzystrmatch          | 1.0     | public     | determine similarities and distance between strings
 plpgsql                | 1.0     | pg_catalog | PL/pgSQL procedural language
 postgis                | 2.2.5   | public     | PostGIS geometry, geography, and raster spatial types and functions
 postgis_tiger_geocoder | 2.2.5   | tiger      | PostGIS tiger geocoder and reverse geocoder
 postgis_topology       | 2.2.5   | topology   | PostGIS topology spatial types and functions
(5 rows)

8.将PostgreSQL配置为系统服务

[Unit]
Description=PostgreSQL database server
Documentation=https://www.postgresql.org/docs/
After=syslog.target
After=network.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=forking
User=postgres
Group=dba
Restart=always
LimitNOFILE=

# Note: avoid inserting whitespace in these Environment= lines, or you may
# break postgresql-setup.

# Location of database directory
Environment=PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql/data/

# Maximum number of seconds pg_ctl will wait for postgres to start.  Note that
# PGSTARTTIMEOUT should be less than TimeoutSec value.
Environment=PGSTARTTIMEOUT=

# Where to send early-startup messages from the server (before the logging
# options of postgresql.conf take effect)
# This is normally controlled by the global default set by systemd
# StandardOutput=syslog

# Disable OOM kill on the postmaster
OOMScoreAdjust=-
Environment=PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE=/proc/self/oom_score_adj
Environment=PG_OOM_ADJUST_VALUE=

ExecStart=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl start -D ${PGDATA} -s -w -t ${PGSTARTTIMEOUT}
ExecStop=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl stop -D ${PGDATA} -s -m fast
ExecReload=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl reload -D ${PGDATA} -s
KillMode=mixed
KillSignal=SIGINT

# Do not set any timeout value, so that systemd will not kill postmaster
# during crash recovery.
TimeoutSec=

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target