linux ipc/its
linux进程间双向消息队列
server.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pthread.h> #include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h> typedef struct {
long type;
int id;
char buf[];
}msg_t; void *write_routine(void *arg)
{
key_t key = ftok("/",'a');
if(key==-)
{
perror("ftok");
} int msqid = msgget(key,IPC_CREAT|);
if(msqid==-)
{
perror("msgget");
} msg_t msg; while()
{
msg.type = ;
msg.id = ;
fgets(msg.buf,,stdin);
//msg_t msg={1,"login"};
int res = msgsnd(msqid,&msg,sizeof(msg.buf),IPC_NOWAIT);
} } void *read_routine(void *arg)
{
key_t key = ftok("/",'b');
if(key==-)
{
perror("ftok");
} int msqid = msgget(key,IPC_CREAT|);
if(msqid==-)
{
perror("msgget");
} msg_t msg;
while()
{
int res = msgrcv(msqid,&msg,sizeof(msg_t),,IPC_NOWAIT);
if(res==-){
//perror("msgrcv");
}
switch (msg.id) {
case : {
printf("%s\n",msg.buf);
break;
}
case : {
printf("%s\n",msg.buf);
break;
}
} msg.id = ; } } int main()
{
pthread_t wid;
pthread_t rid; int res = pthread_create(&wid,,write_routine,);
if(res){
printf("%s\n",strerror(res));
} int res2 = pthread_create(&rid,,read_routine,);
if(res2){
printf("%s\n",strerror(res2));
} pthread_join(wid,);
pthread_join(rid,); return ;
}
client.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pthread.h> #include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h> typedef struct {
long type;
int id;
char buf[];
}msg_t; void *read_routine(void *arg)
{
key_t key = ftok("/",'a');
if(key==-)
{
perror("ftok");
} int msqid = msgget(key,IPC_CREAT|);
if(msqid==-)
{
perror("msgget");
} msg_t msg;
while()
{
int res = msgrcv(msqid,&msg,sizeof(msg_t),,IPC_NOWAIT);
if(res==-){
//perror("msgrcv");
}
switch (msg.id) {
case : {
printf("%s\n",msg.buf);
break;
}
case : {
printf("%s\n",msg.buf);
break;
}
} msg.id = ;
} } void *write_routine(void *arg)
{
key_t key = ftok("/",'b');
if(key==-)
{
perror("ftok");
} int msqid = msgget(key,IPC_CREAT|);
if(msqid==-)
{
perror("msgget");
} msg_t msg;
msg.type = ;
msg.id = ;
//msg_t msg={1,"login"};
while()
{
fgets(msg.buf,,stdin);
int res = msgsnd(msqid,&msg,sizeof(msg_t),IPC_NOWAIT);
}
} int main()
{
pthread_t wid;
pthread_t rid; int res = pthread_create(&wid,,write_routine,);
if(res){
printf("%s\n",strerror(res));
} int res2 = pthread_create(&rid,,read_routine,);
if(res2){
printf("%s\n",strerror(res2));
} pthread_join(wid,);
pthread_join(rid,); return ;
}
Makefile
.PHONY:all
all:server client
server:server.c
gcc -o server server.c -pthread
client:client.c
gcc -o client client.c -pthread
.PHONY:clean
clean:
rm -f server client
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41215479/article/details/81511188
线程间消息
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_26391203/article/details/75220449
将共享内存改造成一个共享fifo，酷 ！
https://github.com/zhoudd1/linux_ipc/tree/master/shm_fifo
message queue
https://github.com/mdminhazulhaque/mqueue
1、nanomsg
nanomsg(ZeroMQ with C)
https://www.cnblogs.com/dong1/p/9213214.html
2、libmsgque
linux进程通信消息队列
https://gitee.com/fulinux/libmsgque
3、dbus
https://blog.csdn.net/quinta2008/article/details/78472170
linux ipc
1)signal
recv.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
void new_op(int,siginfo_t*,void*);
int main(int argc,char**argv)
{
struct sigaction act;
int sig;
pid_t pid; pid=getpid();
sig=atoi(argv[]); sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
act.sa_sigaction=new_op;
act.sa_flags=SA_SIGINFO;
if(sigaction(sig,&act,NULL)<)
{
printf("install sigal error\n");
}
while()
{
sleep();
printf("pid %d wait for the signal\n",pid);
}
}
void new_op(int signum,siginfo_t *info,void *myact)
{
printf("the int value is %d \n",info->si_int);
}
send.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
main(int argc,char**argv)
{
pid_t pid;
int signum;
union sigval mysigval;
signum=atoi(argv[]);
pid=(pid_t)atoi(argv[]);
mysigval.sival_int=;
if(sigqueue(pid,signum,mysigval)==-)
printf("send error\n");
sleep();
}
gcc -o recv recv.c
gcc -o send send.c
./recv 1
./send 1 39823
参考 https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-ipc/part2/index2.html
2）message queue
recv.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#include <errno.h> #define MSG_LEN 100
#define MSG_KEY 1234 //msg_queue
typedef struct
{
long int type;
char data[MSG_LEN];
}msg_t; static int msgid; //msg queue init
int msg_queue_creat(key_t key)
{
msgid=msgget(key, | IPC_CREAT);
if(msgid==-)
{
fprintf(stderr,"msgget failed with error: %d\n",errno);
}
return ;
} int main()
{
msg_queue_creat(MSG_KEY); while(){ msg_t msg;
if(msgrcv(msgid, &msg, sizeof(msg_t), , IPC_NOWAIT) == -)
{
//fprintf(stderr,"msgrcv failed with error: %d\n",errno);
}
else printf("recv a message: %ld,%s\n",msg.type,msg.data); sleep();
}
}
send.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#include <errno.h> #define MSG_LEN 100
#define MSG_KEY 1234 //msg_queue
typedef struct
{
long int type;
char data[MSG_LEN];
}msg_t; static int msgid; //msg queue init
int msg_queue_creat(key_t key)
{
msgid=msgget(key, | IPC_CREAT);
if(msgid==-)
{
fprintf(stderr,"msgget failed with error: %d\n",errno);
}
return ;
} int main()
{
msg_queue_creat(MSG_KEY); while() {
msg_t msg={,"hello,world"};
if(msgsnd(msgid, &msg, sizeof(msg_t), IPC_NOWAIT) == -)
{
//fprintf(stderr,"msgsnd failed with error: %d\n",errno);
}
else printf("send a message\n");
sleep();
}
}
参考 https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/aix/library/au-ipc/
3） semaphore （命名信号量）
有名信号量实现进程间同步功能（print2 先打印，再到 print1 打印）
print1.c
#include <fcntl.h> /* For O_* constants */
#include <sys/stat.h> /* For mode constants */
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <stdio.h> void print(sem_t *print1, sem_t *print2)
{
int i = ;
while()
{
sem_wait(print1);
i++;
printf("int print1 i = %d\n", i);
sem_post(print2);
}
} int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
sem_t *print1, *print2; print1 = sem_open("sem_print1", O_CREAT, , );
if(SEM_FAILED == print1)
{
perror("sem_open");
} print2 = sem_open("sem_print2", O_CREAT, , );
if(SEM_FAILED == print2)
{
perror("sem_open");
} print(print1, print2); return ;
}
print2.c
#include <fcntl.h> /* For O_* constants */
#include <sys/stat.h> /* For mode constants */
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <stdio.h> void print(sem_t *print1, sem_t *print2)
{
int i = ;
while()
{
sem_wait(print2);
i++;
printf("in print2 i = %d\n", i);
sleep();
sem_post(print1);
}
} int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
sem_t *print1, *print2; print1 = sem_open("sem_print1", O_CREAT, , );
if(SEM_FAILED == print1)
{
perror("sem_open");
} print2 = sem_open("sem_print2", O_CREAT, , );
if(SEM_FAILED == print2)
{
perror("sem_open");
} print(print1, print2); return ;
}
删除有名信号量示例代码如下：
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <stdio.h> void sem_del(char *name)
{
int ret; ret = sem_unlink(name);
if(ret < )
{
perror("sem_unlink");
}
} int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
sem_del("sem_print1"); //删除信号量文件sem_print1
sem_del("sem_print2"); //删除信号量文件sem_print2 return ;
}
makefile 代码如下：
all:
gcc sem_del.c -o sem_del -lpthread
gcc print1.c -o print1 -lpthread
gcc print2.c -o print2 -lpthread
clean:
rm sem_del print1 print2
运行程序时，先把有名信号量删除（sem_del），再分别运行 print1 和 print2
参考 https://www.cnblogs.com/jfyl1573/p/6820372.html
4）Shared Memory
write_shm.c
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
// 1. 创建 SHM
int shm_id = shmget(, , IPC_CREAT | );
if (shm_id != -) {
// 2. 映射 SHM
void* shm = shmat(shm_id, NULL, );
if (shm != (void*)-) {
// 3. 写 SHM
char str[] = "I'm share memory";
memcpy(shm, str, strlen(str) + );
// 4. 关闭 SHM
shmdt(shm);
} else {
perror("shmat:");
}
} else {
perror("shmget:");
}
return ;
}
read_shm.c
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> int main() {
// 1. 获取 SHM
int shm_id = shmget(, , IPC_CREAT | ); if (shm_id != -) {
// 2. 映射 SHM
void* shm = shmat(shm_id, NULL, );
if (shm != (void*)-) {
// 3. 读取 SHM
char str[] = { };
memcpy(str, shm, strlen("I'm share memory"));
printf("shm = %s\n", (char *)shm);
// 4. 关闭 SHM
shmdt(shm);
} else {
perror("shmat:");
}
} else {
perror("shmget:");
}
if ( == shmctl(shm_id, IPC_RMID))
printf("delete shm success.\n");
return ;
}
编译：
gcc write_shm.c -o write_shm
gcc read_shm.c -o read_shm
先运行写入 SHM：
./write_shm
再运行读取 SHM：
./read_shm
I'm share memory
成功读取了写进程的写入的数据，虽然不是同步的，但是至少能够获取数据。最后再来分析分析内核中的 SHM 调用过程吧。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <unistd.h> void init_sem(int , int );
void delete_sem(int );
void sem_p(int );
void sem_v(int ); union semun
{
int val;
struct semid_ds *buf;
unsigned short *array;
}; void init_sem(int sem_id, int init_value)
{
union semun sem_union; sem_union.val = init_value; if (semctl(sem_id, , SETVAL, sem_union) < )
{
perror("failed to init_sem");
exit(-);
} return ;
} void delete_sem(int sem_id)
{
union semun sem_union; if (semctl(sem_id, , IPC_RMID, sem_union) < )
{
perror("failed to delete_sem");
exit(-);
} return ;
} void sem_p(int sem_id)
{
struct sembuf sem_b; sem_b.sem_num = ;
sem_b.sem_op = -;
sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO; if (semop(sem_id, &sem_b, ) < )
{
perror("failed to sem_p");
exit(-);
} return;
} void sem_v(int sem_id)
{
struct sembuf sem_b; sem_b.sem_num = ;
sem_b.sem_op = ;
sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO; if (semop(sem_id, &sem_b, ) < )
{
perror("failed to sem_v");
exit(-);
} return ;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "sem.h" typedef struct
{
double lon;
double lat;
double bd_lon;
double bd_lat;
}gps_info_t; int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
key_t key;
int shmid;
gps_info_t *gps = NULL;
int create_flag = ;
int sem_id; if ((key = ftok(".", 'a')) < )
{
perror("failed to get key");
exit(-);
} if ((sem_id = semget(key, , | IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL)) < )
{
if (errno == EEXIST)
{
if ((sem_id = semget(key, , )) < )
{
perror("failed to semget");
exit(-);
}
}
} init_sem(sem_id, ); if ((shmid = shmget(key, sizeof(gps_info_t), | IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL)) < )
{
if (errno == EEXIST)
{
if ((shmid = shmget(key, sizeof(gps_info_t), )) < )
{
perror("failed to create share memory");
exit(-);
}
}
else
{
perror("failed to shmget");
exit(-);
}
}
else
create_flag = ; if ((gps = shmat(shmid, NULL, )) == (void *)(-))
{
perror("failed to shmat");
exit(-);
} while()
{
sem_p(sem_id); printf("recv lon: %f\n", gps->lon);
printf("recv lat: %f\n", gps->lat);
sleep(); } if (create_flag == )
{
if (shmdt(gps) < )
{
perror("failed to shmdt");
exit(-);
} if (shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL) == -)
{
perror("failed to delete share memory");
exit(-);
} delete_sem(sem_id);
} return ;
}
write.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "sem.h" typedef struct
{
double lon;
double lat;
}gps_info_t; int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
key_t key;
gps_info_t *gps = NULL;
int shmid;
int create_flag = ;
int sem_id; if ((key = ftok(".", 'a')) < )
{
perror("failed to get key");
exit(-);
} if ((sem_id = semget(key, , | IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL)) < )
{
if (errno == EEXIST)
{
if ((sem_id = semget(key, , )) < )
{
perror("failed to semget");
exit(-);
}
}
} init_sem(sem_id, ); if ((shmid = shmget(key, sizeof(gps_info_t), | IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL)) < )
{
if (errno == EEXIST)
{
if ((shmid = shmget(key, sizeof(gps_info_t), )) < )
{
perror("failed to shmget memory");
exit(-);
}
}
else
{
perror("failed to shmget");
exit(-);
}
}
else
create_flag = ; if ((gps = shmat(shmid, NULL, )) == (void *)(-))
{
perror("failed to shmat memory");
exit(-);
} while()
{
gps->lon += 1.1;
gps->lat += 2.2;
printf("send lon: %f\n", gps->lon);
printf("send lat: %f\n", gps->lat);
sem_v(sem_id); sleep();
} if (create_flag == )
{
if (shmdt(gps) < )
{
perror("failed to shmdt memory");
exit(-);
} if (shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL) == -)
{
perror("failed to delete share memory");
exit(-);
} delete_sem(sem_id);
} return ;
}
Makefile
OBJ= write read
all: ${OBJ}
read:
gcc -g -o read read.c
write:
gcc -g -o write write.c
clean:
rm -f ${OBJ}
.PHONY: ${OBJ}
linux its
1) semaphore
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <pthread.h> #define err_sys(msg) \
do { perror(msg); exit(-); } while()
#define err_exit(msg) \
do { fprintf(stderr, msg); exit(-); } while() void *r1(void *arg)
{
sem_t* sems = (sem_t *)arg;
static int cnt = ; while(cnt--)
{
sem_wait(sems);
printf("I am in r1. I get the sems.\n");
}
} void *r2(void *arg)
{
sem_t* sems = (sem_t *)arg;
static int cnt = ; while(cnt--)
{
printf("I am in r2. I send the sems\n");
sem_post(sems);
sleep();
}
} int main(void)
{
sem_t sems;
pthread_t t1, t2; printf("sems size: %d\n", sizeof(sems));
/* sem_init()第二个参数为0表示这个信号量是当前进程的局部信号量，否则该信号
* 就可以在多个进程之间共享 */
if(sem_init(&sems, , ) < )
err_sys("sem_init error");
pthread_create(&t1, NULL, r1, &sems);
pthread_create(&t2, NULL, r2, &sems); pthread_join(t1, NULL);
pthread_join(t2, NULL);
sem_destroy(&sems); return ;
}
gcc -o pthread_sem_demo pthread_sem_demo.c -pthread
./pthread_sem_demo
参考 http://blog.csdn.net/u012796139/article/details/46743677
3) Linux 线程挂起与唤醒功能 实例
https://blog.csdn.net/waldmer/article/details/23422943
https://www.cnblogs.com/noaming1900/archive/2011/01/14/1935526.html
1）Linux下进程通信方式（共享内存，管道，消息队列，Socket）
https://www.cnblogs.com/lou424/p/5018966.html
2）Compare performance of IPC(Inter-Process Communication), include file, zeromq, socket, unixsocket, share-memory, msq-queue and so on
https://github.com/zhiyuan2007/IPC-performance-compare
3）linux线程间同步(Inter-Thread Synchronization)方式汇总
https://github.com/clpsz/linux-itss
linux ipc 扫盲
https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-ipc/
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