2019-2-25SqlServer 中所有表、列、视图、索引、主键、外键等常用sql

sp_help Accounts_Users     其中Accounts_Users 表示表名

sp_columns Accounts_Users

exec  sp_helpconstraint   '表名'

在数据库内创建的每个对象（约束、默认值、日志、规则、存储过程等）在表中占一行。只有在 tempdb 内，每个临时对象才在该表中占一行。
　　sysobjects 表结构：

根据sysobjects 表格我们可以得到如下的查询:

1.获取所有表结构

select name as [表名] from sysobjects where xtype='U'and name !='dtproperties'

2.获取所有的列

SELECT d.name 表名,
a.name 字段名,
( CASE
WHEN Columnproperty(a.id, a.name, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN '是'
ELSE '否'
END ) 标识,
( CASE
WHEN Columnproperty(a.id, a.name, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN IDENT_Seed( d.name )
ELSE 0
END ) 标识种子 ,
( CASE
WHEN Columnproperty(a.id, a.name, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN Ident_Incr(d.name)
ELSE 0
END )
标识增长量,
( CASE
WHEN (SELECT Count(*)
FROM sysobjects
WHERE ( name IN (SELECT name
FROM sysindexes
WHERE ( id = a.id )
AND ( indid IN (SELECT indid
FROM sysindexkeys
WHERE ( id = a.id )
AND ( colid IN (SELECT colid
FROM syscolumns
WHERE ( id = a.id )
AND ( name = a.name )) )) )) )
AND ( xtype = 'PK' )) > 0 THEN '是'
ELSE '否'
END ) 主键,
b.name 类型,
a.length 占用字节数,
Columnproperty(a.id, a.name, 'PRECISION') AS 长度,
Isnull(Columnproperty(a.id, a.name, 'Scale'), 0) AS 小数位数,
( CASE
WHEN a.isnullable = 1 THEN '是'
ELSE '否'
END ) 允许空,
Isnull(e.text, '') 默认值,
Isnull(g.[value], ' ') AS [说明]
FROM
syscolumns a
LEFT JOIN systypes b
ON a.xtype = b.xusertype
left JOIN sysobjects d
ON a.id = d.id
AND d.xtype = 'U'
AND d.name <> 'dtproperties'
LEFT JOIN syscomments e
ON a.cdefault = e.id
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties g
ON a.id = g.major_id
AND a.colid = g.minor_id
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties f
ON d.id = f.class
AND f.minor_id = 0
WHERE b.name IS NOT NULL and d.name is not null
--and d.name='{0}' --如果只查询指定表,加上此条件
ORDER BY a.id,
a.colorder

3.获取所有的视图

select b.name as [视图名称],a.text as [视图脚本] from syscomments a inner join sysobjects b on a.id=b.id where b.type='V'

4.获取所有主键约束

SELECT
tab.name AS [表名],
idxCol.is_descending_key as [是否降序],
idx.name AS [约束名称],
idx.type_desc as [约束类型],
col.name AS [约束列名]
FROM

sys.indexes idx

JOIN sys.index_columns idxCol

ON (idx.object_id = idxCol.object_id

AND idx.index_id = idxCol.index_id

AND idx.is_primary_key = 1)

JOIN sys.tables tab

ON (idx.object_id = tab.object_id)

JOIN sys.columns col

ON (idx.object_id = col.object_id

AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id);

5.获取所有唯一约束

SELECT

tab.name AS [表名],
idxCol.is_descending_key as [是否降序],
idx.name AS [约束名称],
idx.type_desc as [约束类型],
col.name AS [约束列名]

FROM

sys.indexes idx

JOIN sys.index_columns idxCol

ON (idx.object_id = idxCol.object_id

AND idx.index_id = idxCol.index_id

AND idx.is_unique_constraint = 1)

JOIN sys.tables tab

ON (idx.object_id = tab.object_id)

JOIN sys.columns col

ON (idx.object_id = col.object_id

AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id);

6.获取所有外键约束

select

oSub.name AS [子表名称],

fk.name AS [外键名称],

SubCol.name AS [子表列名],

oMain.name AS [主表名称],

MainCol.name AS [主表列名]

from

sys.foreign_keys fk

JOIN sys.all_objects oSub

ON (fk.parent_object_id = oSub.object_id)

JOIN sys.all_objects oMain

ON (fk.referenced_object_id = oMain.object_id)

JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns fkCols

ON (fk.object_id = fkCols.constraint_object_id)

JOIN sys.columns SubCol

ON (oSub.object_id = SubCol.object_id

AND fkCols.parent_column_id = SubCol.column_id)

JOIN sys.columns MainCol

ON (oMain.object_id = MainCol.object_id

AND fkCols.referenced_column_id = MainCol.column_id)

7.获取所有Check约束

SELECT

tab.name AS [表名],

chk.name AS [约束名称],

col.name AS [约束列名],

chk.definition AS [约束定义]

FROM

sys.check_constraints chk

JOIN sys.tables tab

ON (chk.parent_object_id = tab.object_id)

JOIN sys.columns col

ON (chk.parent_object_id = col.object_id

AND chk.parent_column_id = col.column_id)

8.获取所有默认约束

SELECT

tab.name AS [表名],

def.name AS [约束名称],

col.name AS [约束列名],

def.definition AS [约束定义]

FROM

sys.default_constraints def

JOIN sys.tables tab

ON (def.parent_object_id = tab.object_id)

JOIN sys.columns col

ON (def.parent_object_id = col.object_id

AND def.parent_column_id = col.column_id)

9.获取所有索引约束

SELECT
tab.name AS [表名],
idx.is_unique as [是否唯一索引],
idxCol.is_descending_key as [是否降序],
idx.name AS [约束名称],
idx.type_desc as [约束类型],
col.name AS [约束列名]

FROM

sys.indexes idx

JOIN sys.index_columns idxCol

ON (idx.object_id = idxCol.object_id

AND idx.index_id = idxCol.index_id

AND idx.is_unique_constraint= 0 and is_primary_key=0)

JOIN sys.tables tab

ON (idx.object_id = tab.object_id)

JOIN sys.columns col

ON (idx.object_id = col.object_id

AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id);