MVC WebApi 实现Token验证

基于令牌的认证

我们知道WEB网站的身份验证一般通过session或者cookie完成的，登录成功后客户端发送的任何请求都带上cookie，服务端根据客户端发送来的cookie来识别用户。

WEB API使用这样的方法不是很适合，于是就有了基于令牌的认证，使用令牌认证有几个好处：可扩展性、松散耦合、移动终端调用比较简单等等。

Step 1：安装所需的NuGet包：

 

Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Owin -Version 5.1.
Install-Package Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb -Version 2.1.
Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Owin -Version 2.0.
Install-Package Microsoft.Owin.Cors -Version 2.1.

Step 2 在项目下添加“Startup.Auth”类

 

默认会在App_Start文件夹里

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity;
using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework;
using Microsoft.Owin;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security.Cookies;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security.Google;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security.OAuth;
using Owin;
using System.Web.Http;

namespace SJOA
{
    public partial class Startup
    {
        public static OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions OAuthOptions { get; private set; }

        public static string PublicClientId { get; private set; }

        public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
        {
            HttpConfiguration config = new HttpConfiguration();
            ConfigureOAuth(app);

            WebApiConfig.Register(config);
            app.UseCors(Microsoft.Owin.Cors.CorsOptions.AllowAll);
            app.UseWebApi(config);
        }

        public void ConfigureOAuth(IAppBuilder app)
        {
            OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions OAuthServerOptions = new OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions()
            {
                AllowInsecureHttp = true,
                TokenEndpointPath = new PathString("/token"),
                AccessTokenExpireTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromDays(),
                Provider = new SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider()
            };
            app.UseOAuthAuthorizationServer(OAuthServerOptions);
            app.UseOAuthBearerAuthentication(new OAuthBearerAuthenticationOptions());
        }

    }
}

Step 3：在项目下添加验证类 SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Security.Claims;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security.OAuth;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security;
using SJOA.Entity.Models.Tables;
using SJOA.Core.BLL;

namespace SJOA
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Token验证
    /// </summary>
    public class SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider : OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider
    {
        public override async Task ValidateClientAuthentication(OAuthValidateClientAuthenticationContext context)
        {
            await Task.Factory.StartNew(() => context.Validated());
        }

        public override async Task GrantResourceOwnerCredentials(OAuthGrantResourceOwnerCredentialsContext context)
        {
            await Task.Factory.StartNew(() => context.OwinContext.Response.Headers.Add("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", new[] { "*" }));

            try
            {

                var userName = context.UserName;
                var password = context.Password;
                UserBLL bll = new UserBLL();
                //验证用户名，密码
                Users user =await Task.Factory.StartNew(() => bll.Query(userName, password));
                if (user == null)
                {
                    context.SetError("invalid_grant", "用户名或密码错误");
                    return;
                }
                else
                {
                    var oAuthIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(context.Options.AuthenticationType);
                    oAuthIdentity.AddClaim(new Claim("sub", context.UserName));
                    oAuthIdentity.AddClaim(new Claim("role", "user"));
                    oAuthIdentity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, user.UserName));
                    oAuthIdentity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.UserData, user.UserID.ToString()));
                    var authenticationProperties = new AuthenticationProperties();
                    var ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(oAuthIdentity, authenticationProperties);
                    context.Validated(ticket);
                }
            }
            catch (System.Exception ex)
            {

                throw;
            }

        }
    }
}

Step 4：让CORS起作用

在ASP.NET Web API中启用OAuth的Access Token验证非常简单，只需在相应的Controller或Action加上[Authorize]标记

Step 5：获取Token

获取token， POST请求本地http://localhost:23477/token

请求头 Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded

参数BODY格式：

grant_type=password

username=admin

password=123456

token请求到以后，可以缓存在客户端，然后客户端再拿着token请求其它接口

Step 6：请求接口

只要在http请求头中加上Authorization:bearer Token就可以成功请求接口了

GET http://localhost:49209/api/sys/Dept/GetALLDept

Authorization : bearer T5jF97t5n-rBkWcwpiVDAlhzXtOvV7Jw2NnN1Aldc--xtDrvWtqLAN9hxJN3Fy7piIqNWeLMNm2IKVOqmmC0X5_s8MwQ6zufUDbvF4Bg5OHoHTKHX6NmZGNrU4mjpCuPLtSbT5bh_gFOZHoIXXIKmqD3Wu1MyyKKNhj9XPEIkd9bl4E9AZ1wAt4dyUxmPVA_VKuN7UvYJ97TkO04XyGqmXGtfVWKfM75mNVYNhySWTg

至此，项目的Token验证就完成了