Java实现二叉树遍历

参考资料：

http://blog.csdn.net/wuwenxiang91322/article/details/12231657

环境：

Java: jdk1.8.0_91

import java.util.Stack;

public class BinaryTreeTest {
    /**
     * 树结构如下：
     *      root
     *      /  \
     *     A    B
     *    / \    \
     *   C   D    G
     *  /   /    / \
     * E   F    H   I
     *
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Node root = new Node("root");
        Node A = new Node("A"), B = new Node("B"), C = new Node("C"), D = new Node("D"), E = new Node("E"),
                F = new Node("F"), G = new Node("G"), H = new Node("H"), I = new Node("I");
        root.setLeft(A);
        A.setLeft(C);
        A.setRight(D);
        C.setLeft(E);
        D.setLeft(F);
        root.setRight(B);
        B.setRight(G);
        G.setLeft(H);
        G.setRight(I);

        BinaryTreeTraversalor tree = BinaryTreeTraversalor.PRE_ORDER;
        System.out.print(String.format("%s->", tree.getStrategy()));
        tree.execute(root);

        tree = BinaryTreeTraversalor.IN_ORDER;
        System.out.print(String.format("\n%s->", tree.getStrategy()));
        tree.execute(root);

        tree = BinaryTreeTraversalor.POST_ORDER;
        System.out.print(String.format("\n%s->", tree.getStrategy()));
        tree.execute(root);

        tree = BinaryTreeTraversalor.PRE_ORDER_NORECU;
        System.out.print(String.format("\n%s->", tree.getStrategy()));
        tree.execute(root);

        tree = BinaryTreeTraversalor.IN_ORDER_NORECU;
        System.out.print(String.format("\n%s->", tree.getStrategy()));
        tree.execute(root);

        tree = BinaryTreeTraversalor.POST_ORDER_NORECU;
        System.out.print(String.format("\n%s->", tree.getStrategy()));
        tree.execute(root);
    }
}
class Node {
    private String value;
    private Node left;
    private Node right;

    public Node(String value) {
        this.value = value;
    }

    public String getValue() {
        return value;
    }

    public Node getLeft() {
        return left;
    }

    public void setLeft(Node left) {
        this.left = left;
    }

    public Node getRight() {
        return right;
    }

    public void setRight(Node right) {
        this.right = right;
    }
}
enum BinaryTreeTraversalor {
    IN_ORDER("递归中序遍历") {
        @Override
        public void execute(Node node) {
            if (node != null) {
                execute(node.getLeft());
                visit(node);
                execute(node.getRight());
            }
        }
    },
    PRE_ORDER("递归先序遍历") {
        @Override
        public void execute(Node node) {
            if (node != null) {
                visit(node);
                execute(node.getLeft());
                execute(node.getRight());
            }
        }
    },
    POST_ORDER("递归后序遍历") {
        @Override
        public void execute(Node node) {
            if (node != null) {
                execute(node.getLeft());
                execute(node.getRight());
                visit(node);
            }
        }
    },
    IN_ORDER_NORECU("非递归中序遍历") {
        @Override
        public void execute(Node node) {
            final Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>();
            while (node != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {
                while (node != null) {
                    stack.push(node);
                    node = node.getLeft();
                }
                if (stack.size() > 0) {
                    node = stack.pop();
                    visit(node);
                    node = node.getRight();
                }
            }
        }
    },
    PRE_ORDER_NORECU("非递归先序遍历") {
        @Override
        public void execute(Node node) {
            final Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>();
            while (node != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {
                while (node != null) {
                    visit(node);
                    stack.push(node);
                    node = node.getLeft();
                }
                if (stack.size() > 0) {
                    node = stack.pop();
                    node = node.getRight();
                }
            }
        }
    },
    POST_ORDER_NORECU("非递归后序遍历") {// 需要重点理解
        @Override
        public void execute(Node node) {
            final Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>();
            Node tmp = null;
            while (node != null) {
                while (node.getLeft() != null) {
                    stack.push(node);
                    node = node.getLeft();
                }
                while (node != null && (node.getRight() == null || node.getRight() == tmp)) {// 当前结点无右子树或右子树已经输出
                    visit(node);
                    // 记录上一个已输出结点
                    tmp = node;
                    if (stack.empty())
                        return;
                    node = stack.pop();
                }
                stack.push(node);
                node = node.getRight();
            }
        }
    };
    private static void visit(Node root) {
        System.out.print(root.getValue() + "\t");
    }

    private String strategy;

    BinaryTreeTraversalor(String strategy) {
        this.strategy = strategy;
    }

    public abstract void execute(Node node);

    public String getStrategy() {
        return strategy;
    }
}