Ubuntu18.04下安装Docker并配置SSL证书加密远程连接

Docker下载与安装

下载安装包

国内网络连接docker镜像还是比较慢的，这里推荐直接下载docker镜像，Ubuntu镜像下载路径为：https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/xenial/pool/stable/amd64/ ，可以下载合适的版本，我下载的文件列表如下：

• containerd.io_1.4.6-1_amd64.deb

• docker-ce_20.10.7_3-0ubuntu-xenial_amd64.deb

• docker-ce-cli_20.10.7_3-0ubuntu-xenial_amd64.deb

安装

dpkg -i [packagename]

注意：docker-ce_20.10.7~3-0~ubuntu-xenial_amd64.deb这个包需要最后安装

hello-world

# docker run hello-world

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:

  1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
  2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
     (amd64)
  3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
     executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
  4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
     to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

启动并加入开机启动

systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker

验证安装

[root@172 software]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           20.10.7
 API version:       1.41
 Go version:        go1.13.15
 Git commit:        f0df350
 Built:             Wed Jun  2 11:58:10 2021
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default
 Experimental:      true

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          20.10.7
  API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.13.15
  Git commit:       b0f5bc3
  Built:            Wed Jun  2 11:56:35 2021
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.4.6
  GitCommit:        d71fcd7d8303cbf684402823e425e9dd2e99285d
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.0-rc95
  GitCommit:        b9ee9c6314599f1b4a7f497e1f1f856fe433d3b7
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0

配置SSL证书

生成证书有效期10年的证书

在服务器中新建一个目录，并切换到该目录下

mkdir /etc/docker && cd /etc/docker

创建根证书RSA私钥

openssl genrsa -aes256 -out ca-key.pem 4096

备注：此处需要两次输入密码，请务必记住该密码，在后面步骤会用到

创建CA证书

openssl req -new -x509 -days 3650 -key ca-key.pem -sha256 -out ca.pem

备注：该步骤以上一步生成的密钥创建证书，也就是自签证书，也可从第三方CA机构签发

创建服务端私钥

openssl genrsa -out server-key.pem 4096

创建服务端签名请求证书文件

openssl req -subj "/CN=172.31.128.152" -sha256 -new -key server-key.pem -out server.csr

备注：其中的IP地址为自己服务器IP地址

创建extfile.cnf的配置文件

echo subjectAltName = IP:172.31.128.152,IP:0.0.0.0 >> extfile.cnf \
echo extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth >> extfile.cnf

备注：其中IP地址改为自己服务器IP地址

创建签名生效的服务端证书文件

openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -sha256 -in server.csr -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem \-CAcreateserial -out server-cert.pem -extfile extfile.cnf

创建客户端私钥

openssl genrsa -out key.pem 4096

创建客户端签名请求证书文件

openssl req -subj '/CN=client' -new -key key.pem -out client.csr

extfile.cnf文件中增加配置

echo extendedKeyUsage = clientAuth >> extfile.cnf

创建签名生效的客户端证书文件

openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -sha256 -in client.csr -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem \-CAcreateserial -out cert.pem -extfile extfile.cnf

删除无用文件

rm -v client.csr server.csr

为证书文件授权

chmod -v 0400 ca-key.pem key.pem server-key.pem
chmod -v 0444 ca.pem server-cert.pem cert.pem

查看证书有效期

openssl x509 -in ca.pem -noout -dates
notBefore=Jun  5 03:23:23 2021 GMT
notAfter=Jun  3 03:23:23 2031 GMT

配置Docker支持TLS连接

编辑docker.service配置文件

vim /lib/systemd/system/docker.service

找到ExecStart=开头的一行代码，将其替换为如下内容

ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// -H tcp://0.0.0.0:2375 --tlsverify --tlscacert=/etc/docker/cert/ca.pem --tlscert=/etc/docker/cert/server-cert.pem --tlskey=/etc/docker/cert/server-key.pem --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock

备注：此处设置docker远程端口为2375，可根据需要修改

刷新配置，重启Docker

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker

重启后查看服务状态

systemctl status docker

ca.pem cert.pem key.pem 这三个是我们客户端调用所需的证书文件

参考链接

Docker启用TLS进行安全配置：https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoqi/p/docker-tls.html