WebView加载html实现网页上传本地文件(图片，拍照，语音等)
前言：
这里有两个方案，第一个使用Andorid客户端和JavaScript互相调用方法来实现，这种方法极力不推荐，它会增加服务端和客户端的开发成本。
第二种就是继承WebViewChromeClient了，WebChromeClient是Html/Js和Android客户端进行交互的一个中间件，其将webview中js所产生的事件封装，然后传递到Android客户端。Google这样做的其中一个很重要的原因就是安全问题。
一，使用Android本地和JS方法互相调用完成文件上传与选择(会增客户端与服务端开发成本，不推荐)
这里我仅仅演示了Andorid客户端和Javascript如何互相调用
1.Html代码
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Untitled Document</title></head>
<script type="text/javascript"> function javaNoParam(){
Android.showToast();
} function javaWithParam(message){
Android.showToast(message);
} function jsNoParam(){
alert("来自Java调用，无参")
} function jsWithParam(message){
alert("来自Java调用，有参数:"+message)
} </script>
<body>
<p> <input type="button" name="button" id="button" value="调用Java无参函数" onClick="javaNoParam()"></p>
<p> <input type="button" name="button2" id="button2" value="调用Java有参函数" onClick="javaWithParam('有参数')"></p>
<p> </p>
</body>
</html>
2.启动WebView对JavaScript的支持 ，默认不支持。
WebSettings setting = webview.getSettings();setting.setJavaScriptEnable(true);
3.写一个客户端接口供JS端调用
public class WebAppInterface {
private Context context;
public WebAppInterface(Context context) {
this.context = context;
}
public void showToast() {
Toast.makeText(context, "js端调用，无参数", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
public void showToast(String message) {
Toast.makeText(context, "js端调用，有参数:" + message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
4.将WebAppInterface接口设置到WebView中
webview.addJavascriptInterface(new WebAppInterface(this), "Android");
第二个参数是个代号，供JS端调用，有点像JS和客户端碰头的接头暗号：
function javaWithParam(message){
Android.showToast(message); //需要在addJavascriptInterface(new WebAppInterface(this), "Android")中设定的保持一致
}
设置完以上的部分，就可到达js调用客户端代码的目的
4.Android客户端远程调用JavaScript方法
webview.loadUrl("javascript:jsNoParam()");
webview.loadUrl("javascript:jsWithParam('" + "Hello!" + "')");
其中jsNoParam()和jsWithParam(param)都是javacript中的方法
上面的全部步骤即可实现Andorid客户端和JavaScript的简单调，但是这样如果应用到实际开发中会增加服务端和客户端的开发成本，每个接口都需要服务端和客户端一起协商开发，这样的在开发模式中耦合性很差，有没有一种东西技能满足web端与客户端交互又能达到开发模式上解耦合？
当然是有，要不然google那帮高帅富们岂不是废了。
二，继承WebChromeCilent,重写WebChromeClient的onFileChooser方法：
1.现提供一个简单的版本，仅仅实现选择文件上传功能
1.Html
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>WebView Test</title>
</head> <script type="text/javascript"> function alertSomething(){
alert("你好")
} function delete_confirm() <!--调用方法-->
{
event.returnValue = confirm("确定 or 取消");
} </script>
<body>
<input type="button" name="button" id="button" value="js提示对话框" onClick="alertSomething()"></p>
<input type="button" name="button2" id="button2" value="js确定or取消对话框" onClick="delete_confirm()"></p> <input type="file" value="" class='zj-up-btn pa' name="uploadfile" id="uploadfile" onchange="form.submit()" /></p> </body>
</html>
Java:继承WebChromeClient重写onFileChooser方法
public class FileSelectionWebActivity extends FragmentActivity {
private static final int FILE_SELECT_CODE = 0;
private WebView webView;
private ValueCallback<Uri> mUploadMessage;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle arg0) {
super.onCreate(arg0);
setContentView(R.layout.selection_file_web_activity);
initWebView();
}
@SuppressLint("SetJavaScriptEnabled")
private void initWebView() {
webView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.fileSelectionWebview);
WebSettings webSettings = webView.getSettings();
webSettings.setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
webSettings.setBuiltInZoomControls(true);
webView.loadUrl("file:///android_asset/selectFileHtml/index.html");
webView.setWebViewClient(new MyWebViewClient(this));
webView.setWebChromeClient(new MyWebChromeClient());
}
private class MyWebChromeClient extends WebChromeClient {
// For Android 3.0+
public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback<Uri> uploadMsg) {
mUploadMessage = uploadMsg;
Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
i.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
i.setType("image/*");
startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(i, "File Chooser"), FILE_SELECT_CODE);
}
// For Android 3.0+
public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback uploadMsg, String acceptType) {
mUploadMessage = uploadMsg;
Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
i.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
i.setType("*/*");
startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(i, "File Browser"), FILE_SELECT_CODE);
}
// For Android 4.1
public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback<Uri> uploadMsg, String acceptType, String capture) {
mUploadMessage = uploadMsg;
Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
i.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
i.setType("image/*");
startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(i, "File Chooser"), FILE_SELECT_CODE);
}
}
private class MyWebViewClient extends WebViewClient {
private Context context;
public DuomiWebViewClient(Context context) {
super();
this.context = context;
}
@Override
public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, String url) {
view.loadUrl(url);
return true;
}
@Override
public void onPageStarted(WebView view, String url, Bitmap favicon) {
super.onPageStarted(view, url, favicon);
}
@Override
public void onPageFinished(WebView view, String url) {
super.onPageFinished(view, url);
}
}
// flipscreen not loading again
@Override
public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) {
super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
if (resultCode != RESULT_OK) {
return;
}
switch (requestCode) {
case FILE_SELECT_CODE : {
Uri uri = data.getData();
Log.e("Tag", "Path:" + uri.toString());
mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(uri);
mUploadMessage = null;
}
break;
}
}
}
上面的代码只是提供了上传文件的功能，有时候当你想上传图时可能需要拍照上传，或者你想上传各种多媒体类型的文件，怎么办？
其实我们手机的浏览器已经有这些功能了，为何不Reading the fucking source code!
下面提供一个复杂的功能，代码是从浏览器中移植过来的:
拥有的功能：
1.客户端弹出服务端JS对话框
2.能够拍照上传
3.支持主流媒体文件选择
废话不多说，贴代码：
public class WebViewActivity extends FragmentActivity {
private WebView webview;
private UploadHandler mUploadHandler;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle arg0) {
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
super.onCreate(arg0);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_webview);
webview = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);
webview.setWebChromeClient(new MyChromeViewClient());
webview.setWebViewClient(new MyWebViewClinet());
// webview.setDownloadListener(new MyDownloadListener());
initWebViewSettings();
initData();
}
@SuppressLint({ "SetJavaScriptEnabled", "NewApi" })
private void initWebViewSettings() {
WebSettings settings = webview.getSettings();
settings.setDefaultFontSize(50);
settings.setDefaultFixedFontSize(30);
settings.setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
settings.setAllowFileAccess(true);
settings.setDomStorageEnabled(true);
settings.setLoadWithOverviewMode(true);
settings.setUseWideViewPort(true);
settings.setSupportZoom(true);
// WebView inside Browser doesn't want initial focus to be set.
settings.setNeedInitialFocus(false);
// Browser supports multiple windows
settings.setSupportMultipleWindows(true);
// enable smooth transition for better performance during panning or
}
private void initData() {
Intent intent = getIntent();
String url = intent.getStringExtra("url");
webview.loadUrl(url);
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent intent) {
if (requestCode == Controller.FILE_SELECTED) {
// Chose a file from the file picker.
if (mUploadHandler != null) {
mUploadHandler.onResult(resultCode, intent);
}
}
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, intent);
}
@Override
public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
if ((keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK) && webview.canGoBack()) {
webview.goBack();
return true;
}
return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);
}
class MyDownloadListener implements DownloadListener{
@Override
public void onDownloadStart(String url, String userAgent, String contentDisposition, String mimetype,
long contentLength) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
class MyChromeViewClient extends WebChromeClient {
@Override
public void onCloseWindow(WebView window) {
WebViewActivity.this.finish();
super.onCloseWindow(window);
}
public void onProgressChanged(WebView view, final int progress) {
}
@Override
public boolean onJsAlert(WebView view, String url, String message, final JsResult result) {
new AlertDialog.Builder(WebViewActivity.this).setTitle("提示信息").setMessage(message)
.setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
result.confirm();
}
}).setCancelable(false).create().show();
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean onJsConfirm(WebView view, String url, String message, final JsResult result) {
new AlertDialog.Builder(WebViewActivity.this).setTitle("提示信息").setMessage(message)
.setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
result.confirm();
}
}).setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
result.cancel();
}
}).setCancelable(false).create().show();
return true;
}
// Android 2.x
public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback<Uri> uploadMsg) {
openFileChooser(uploadMsg, "");
}
// Android 3.0
public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback<Uri> uploadMsg, String acceptType) {
openFileChooser(uploadMsg, "", "filesystem");
}
// Android 4.1
public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback<Uri> uploadMsg, String acceptType, String capture) {
mUploadHandler = new UploadHandler(new Controller());
mUploadHandler.openFileChooser(uploadMsg, acceptType, capture);
}
}
class MyWebViewClinet extends WebViewClient {
@Override
public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, String url) {
return true;
}
}
// copied from android-4.4.3_r1/src/com/android/browser/UploadHandler.java
class UploadHandler {
/*
* The Object used to inform the WebView of the file to upload.
*/
private ValueCallback<Uri> mUploadMessage;
private String mCameraFilePath;
private boolean mHandled;
private boolean mCaughtActivityNotFoundException;
private Controller mController;
public UploadHandler(Controller controller) {
mController = controller;
}
public String getFilePath() {
return mCameraFilePath;
}
boolean handled() {
return mHandled;
}
public void onResult(int resultCode, Intent intent) {
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_CANCELED && mCaughtActivityNotFoundException) {
// Couldn't resolve an activity, we are going to try again so skip
// this result.
mCaughtActivityNotFoundException = false;
return;
}
Uri result = (intent == null || resultCode != Activity.RESULT_OK) ? null : intent.getData();
// As we ask the camera to save the result of the user taking
// a picture, the camera application does not return anything other
// than RESULT_OK. So we need to check whether the file we expected
// was written to disk in the in the case that we
// did not get an intent returned but did get a RESULT_OK. If it was,
// we assume that this result has came back from the camera.
if (result == null && intent == null && resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
File cameraFile = new File(mCameraFilePath);
if (cameraFile.exists()) {
result = Uri.fromFile(cameraFile);
// Broadcast to the media scanner that we have a new photo
// so it will be added into the gallery for the user.
mController.getActivity().sendBroadcast(new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE, result));
}
}
mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(result);
mHandled = true;
mCaughtActivityNotFoundException = false;
}
public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback<Uri> uploadMsg, String acceptType, String capture) {
final String imageMimeType = "image/*";
final String videoMimeType = "video/*";
final String audioMimeType = "audio/*";
final String mediaSourceKey = "capture";
final String mediaSourceValueCamera = "camera";
final String mediaSourceValueFileSystem = "filesystem";
final String mediaSourceValueCamcorder = "camcorder";
final String mediaSourceValueMicrophone = "microphone";
// According to the spec, media source can be 'filesystem' or 'camera' or 'camcorder'
// or 'microphone' and the default value should be 'filesystem'.
String mediaSource = mediaSourceValueFileSystem;
if (mUploadMessage != null) {
// Already a file picker operation in progress.
return;
}
mUploadMessage = uploadMsg;
// Parse the accept type.
String params[] = acceptType.split(";");
String mimeType = params[0];
if (capture.length() > 0) {
mediaSource = capture;
}
if (capture.equals(mediaSourceValueFileSystem)) {
// To maintain backwards compatibility with the previous implementation
// of the media capture API, if the value of the 'capture' attribute is
// "filesystem", we should examine the accept-type for a MIME type that
// may specify a different capture value.
for (String p : params) {
String[] keyValue = p.split("=");
if (keyValue.length == 2) {
// Process key=value parameters.
if (mediaSourceKey.equals(keyValue[0])) {
mediaSource = keyValue[1];
}
}
}
}
//Ensure it is not still set from a previous upload.
mCameraFilePath = null;
if (mimeType.equals(imageMimeType)) {
if (mediaSource.equals(mediaSourceValueCamera)) {
// Specified 'image/*' and requested the camera, so go ahead and launch the
// camera directly.
startActivity(createCameraIntent());
return;
} else {
// Specified just 'image/*', capture=filesystem, or an invalid capture parameter.
// In all these cases we show a traditional picker filetered on accept type
// so launch an intent for both the Camera and image/* OPENABLE.
Intent chooser = createChooserIntent(createCameraIntent());
chooser.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_INTENT, createOpenableIntent(imageMimeType));
startActivity(chooser);
return;
}
} else if (mimeType.equals(videoMimeType)) {
if (mediaSource.equals(mediaSourceValueCamcorder)) {
// Specified 'video/*' and requested the camcorder, so go ahead and launch the
// camcorder directly.
startActivity(createCamcorderIntent());
return;
} else {
// Specified just 'video/*', capture=filesystem or an invalid capture parameter.
// In all these cases we show an intent for the traditional file picker, filtered
// on accept type so launch an intent for both camcorder and video/* OPENABLE.
Intent chooser = createChooserIntent(createCamcorderIntent());
chooser.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_INTENT, createOpenableIntent(videoMimeType));
startActivity(chooser);
return;
}
} else if (mimeType.equals(audioMimeType)) {
if (mediaSource.equals(mediaSourceValueMicrophone)) {
// Specified 'audio/*' and requested microphone, so go ahead and launch the sound
// recorder.
startActivity(createSoundRecorderIntent());
return;
} else {
// Specified just 'audio/*', capture=filesystem of an invalid capture parameter.
// In all these cases so go ahead and launch an intent for both the sound
// recorder and audio/* OPENABLE.
Intent chooser = createChooserIntent(createSoundRecorderIntent());
chooser.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_INTENT, createOpenableIntent(audioMimeType));
startActivity(chooser);
return;
}
}
// No special handling based on the accept type was necessary, so trigger the default
// file upload chooser.
startActivity(createDefaultOpenableIntent());
}
private void startActivity(Intent intent) {
try {
mController.getActivity().startActivityForResult(intent, Controller.FILE_SELECTED);
} catch (ActivityNotFoundException e) {
// No installed app was able to handle the intent that
// we sent, so fallback to the default file upload control.
try {
mCaughtActivityNotFoundException = true;
mController.getActivity().startActivityForResult(createDefaultOpenableIntent(),
Controller.FILE_SELECTED);
} catch (ActivityNotFoundException e2) {
// Nothing can return us a file, so file upload is effectively disabled.
Toast.makeText(mController.getActivity(), "File uploads are disabled.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
}
private Intent createDefaultOpenableIntent() {
// Create and return a chooser with the default OPENABLE
// actions including the camera, camcorder and sound
// recorder where available.
Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
i.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
i.setType("*/*");
Intent chooser = createChooserIntent(createCameraIntent(), createCamcorderIntent(),
createSoundRecorderIntent());
chooser.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_INTENT, i);
return chooser;
}
private Intent createChooserIntent(Intent... intents) {
Intent chooser = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CHOOSER);
chooser.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_INITIAL_INTENTS, intents);
chooser.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TITLE, "Choose file for upload");
return chooser;
}
private Intent createOpenableIntent(String type) {
Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
i.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
i.setType(type);
return i;
}
private Intent createCameraIntent() {
Intent cameraIntent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
File externalDataDir = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DCIM);
File cameraDataDir = new File(externalDataDir.getAbsolutePath() + File.separator + "browser-photos");
cameraDataDir.mkdirs();
mCameraFilePath = cameraDataDir.getAbsolutePath() + File.separator + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".jpg";
cameraIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(new File(mCameraFilePath)));
return cameraIntent;
}
private Intent createCamcorderIntent() {
return new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_VIDEO_CAPTURE);
}
private Intent createSoundRecorderIntent() {
return new Intent(MediaStore.Audio.Media.RECORD_SOUND_ACTION);
}
}
class Controller {
final static int FILE_SELECTED = 4;
Activity getActivity() {
return WebViewActivity.this;
}
}
}
有几个类要说明下：
MyChromeViewClient 继承WebChromeClient重写了几个关键方法。其中有三个重载方法openFileChooser，用来兼容不同的Andorid版本，以防出现NoSuchMethodError异常。
另外一个类UploadHandler，起到一个解耦合作用，它相当于WebChromeClient和Web网页端的一个搬运工兼职翻译，解析网页端传递给WebChromeClient的动作，然后将onActivityResult接收用户选择的文件传递给司机ValueCallback。WebChromeClient提供了一个Web网页端和客户端交互的通道，而UploadHandler就是用来搬砖的~。
UploadHandler有个很重要的成员变量：ValueCallback<Uri> mUploadMessage。ValueCallback是WebView留下来的一个回调，就像是WebView的司机一样，当WebChromeClient和UploadHandler合作将文件选择后，ValueCallback开始将文件给WebView，告诉WebView开始干活了，砖头已经运回来了，你可以盖房子了。
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