JDK和Tomcat部署

author：JevonWei

版权声明：原创作品

---

• JDK就是Java Development Kit.简单的说JDK是面向开发人员使用的SDK，它提供了Java的开发环境和运行环境。SDK是Software Development Kit 一般指软件开发包，可以包括函数库、编译程序等。
• JRE是Java Runtime Enviroment是指Java的运行环境，是面向Java程序的使用者，而不是开发者。
• JVM -- java virtual machineJVM就是我们常说的java虚拟机，它是整个java实现跨平台的最核心的部分，所有的java程序会首先被编译为.class的类文件，这种类文件可以在虚拟机上执行，也就是说class并不直接与机器的操作系统相对应，而是经过虚拟机间接与操作系统交互，由虚拟机将程序解释给本地系统执行。
• Tomcat是由Apache软件基金会下属的Jakarta项目开发的一个Servlet容器，按照Sun Microsystems提供的技术规范，实现了对Servlet和JavaServer Page（JSP）的支持，并提供了作为Web服务器的一些特有功能，如Tomcat管理和控制平台、安全域管理和Tomcat阀等。由于Tomcat本身也内含了一个HTTP服务器，它也可以被视作一个单独的Web服务器。但是，不能将Tomcat和Apache HTTP服务器混淆，Apache HTTP服务器是一个用C语言实现的HTTPWeb服务器；这两个HTTP web server不是捆绑在一起的。Apache Tomcat包含了一个配置管理工具，也可以通过编辑XML格式的配置文件来进行配置。
• 实际上Tomcat部分是Apache服务器的扩展，但它是独立运行的，所以当你运行tomcat时，它实际上作为一个与Apache独立的进程单独运行的。
• apache是web服务器,Tomcat是应用（java）服务器，它只是一个servlet(jsp也翻译成servlet)容器，可以认为是apache的扩展，但是可以独立于apache运行。

部署JDK

Oracle官方下载JDK  http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
    [root@danran ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u144-linux-x64.rpm
    [root@danran share]# cd /usr/java/   \\/usr/java/为安装JDK的目录
    [root@danran java]# ll
    total 0
    lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  16 Aug 30 21:28 default -> /usr/java/latest
    drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 268 Aug 30 21:28 jdk1.8.0_144
    lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  22 Aug 30 21:28 latest -> /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_144
    [root@danran java]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh
    export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest \\定义java_home的环境变量
    export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
    [root@danran java]# exec bash /etc/profile.d/java.sh \\替换执行PATH变量
    [root@danran ~]# echo $JAVA_HOME
    /usr/java/latest
    [root@danran ~]# java -version
    java version "1.8.0_144"
    Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_144-b01)
    Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.144-b01, mixed mode)

yum本地源安装
    [root@danran ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk*
    [root@danran ~]# yum -y install copy-jdk*
    [root@danran ~]# yum -y install lksctp-tools*
    [root@danran ~]# yum -y install python-lxml
    [root@danran ~]# yum -y install tzdata-java
    [root@danran ~]# yum -y chkconfig
    [root@danran ~]# yum -y install chkconfig
    [root@danran ~]# yum -y install nss-softokn
    [root@danran ~]# yum -y install nss-tools
    [root@danran ~]# java -version
    openjdk version "1.8.0_102"
    OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_102-b14)
    OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.102-b14, mixed mode)

部署tomcat(默认端口为8080)

yum源安装

[root@danran ~]# yum -y install tomcat-lib tomcat tomcat-webapps tomcat-docs-webapp tomcat-admin-webapps \\tomcat-admin-webapps为tomcat管理应用程序包 tomcat-docs-webapp为tomcat的在线文档软件包
[root@danran ~]# less /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service  \\tomcat的服务启动脚本文件
[root@danran ~]# systemctl start tomcat
[root@danran ~]# iptables -F
[root@danran ~]# setenforce 0

client访问
浏览器键入http://192.168.198.135:8080 访问Tomcat的默认网页

二进制安装tomcat

官网下载地址http://tomcat.apache.org/
[root@danran ~]# tar xf apache-tomcat-7.0.78.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@danran ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@danran local]# ls
apache-tomcat-7.0.78  bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src
[root@danran local]# ln -sv apache-tomcat-7.0.78/ tomcat
‘tomcat’ -> ‘apache-tomcat-7.0.78/’
[root@danran local]# cd tomcat/
[root@danran tomcat]# ls
bin  conf  lib  LICENSE  logs  NOTICE  RELEASE-NOTES  RUNNING.txt  temp  webapps  work
[root@danran tomcat]# ls bin/
bootstrap.jar                 configtest.bat    setclasspath.sh  tomcat-native.tar.gz
catalina.bat                  configtest.sh     shutdown.bat     tool-wrapper.bat
catalina.sh                   daemon.sh         shutdown.sh      tool-wrapper.sh
catalina-tasks.xml            digest.bat        startup.bat      version.bat
commons-daemon.jar            digest.sh         startup.sh       version.sh
commons-daemon-native.tar.gz  setclasspath.bat  tomcat-juli.jar
    \\ startup.sh  启动脚本 shutdown.sh 停止脚本 version.sh检查版本 configtest.sh 检查配置
[root@danran tomcat]# bin/version.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/java/latest
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Server version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.78
Server built:   May 10 2017 15:02:19 UTC
Server number:  7.0.78.0
OS Name:        Linux
OS Version:     3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
Architecture:   amd64
JVM Version:    1.8.0_144-b01
JVM Vendor:     Oracle Corporation

导入环境变量
[root@danran tomcat]# vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
export CATALINA_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat
export PATH=$CATALINA_BASE/bin:$PATH
[root@danran tomcat]# . /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
[root@danran tomcat]# echo $CATALINA_BASE
/usr/local/tomcat

将tomcat修改为普通用户运行
[root@danran ~]# useradd -r tomcat
[root@danran ~]# chown -R tomcat.tomcat /usr/local/tomcat/*
[root@danran ~]# ll /usr/local/tomcat/
total 96
drwxr-xr-x. 2 tomcat tomcat  4096 Aug 31 09:47 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 3 tomcat tomcat   174 Aug 31 10:19 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 tomcat tomcat  4096 Aug 31 09:47 lib
-rw-r--r--. 1 tomcat tomcat 56846 May 10 23:05 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x. 2 tomcat tomcat   197 Aug 31 10:19 logs
-rw-r--r--. 1 tomcat tomcat  1239 May 10 23:05 NOTICE
-rw-r--r--. 1 tomcat tomcat  8965 May 10 23:05 RELEASE-NOTES
-rw-r--r--. 1 tomcat tomcat 16195 May 10 23:05 RUNNING.txt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 tomcat tomcat    30 Aug 31 09:47 temp
drwxr-xr-x. 7 tomcat tomcat    81 May 10 23:04 webapps
drwxr-xr-x. 3 tomcat tomcat    22 Aug 31 10:19 work

切换tomcat用户运行tomcat
[root@danran ~]# su - tomcat -c 'catalina.sh start'
或管理员运行tomcat
[root@danran ~]# catalina.sh -help
catalina.sh --help
		debug             Start Catalina in a debugger
		debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager
		jpda start        Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
		run               Start Catalina in the current window
		run -security     Start in the current window with security manager
		start             Start Catalina in a separate window
		start  -security   Start in a separate window with security manager
		stop              Stop Catalina, waiting up to 5 seconds for the process to end
		stop n            Stop Catalina, waiting up to n seconds for the process to end
		stop -force       Stop Catalina, wait up to 5 seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running
		stop n -force     Stop Catalina, wait up to n seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running
		configtest        Run a basic syntax check on server.xml - check exit code for result
		version           What version of tomcat are you running?
[root@danran ~]# catalina.sh version \\查看tomcat的版本信息

启动tomcat
[root@danran ~]# catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/java/latest
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

client访问
浏览器键入http://192.168.198.135:8080 访问Tomcat的默认网页

tomcat应用部署

• [root@danran ~]# vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml tomcat的主配置文件

手动冷部署应用程序

[root@danran ~]# systemctl stop tomcat
[root@danran ~]# ls /usr/share/tomcat/webapps/
docs  examples  host-manager  manager  ROOT  sample
[root@danran ~]# ls /var/lib/tomcat/webapps/
docs  examples  host-manager  manager  ROOT  sample
[root@danran ~]# mkdir -pv /usr/share/tomcat/webapps/test/{classes,lib,WEB-INF,META-INF}
[root@danran ~]# vim /usr/share/tomcat/webapps/test/index.jsp
    <%@ page language="java" %> \\表示页面的编程语言
    <%@ page import="java.util.*" %> \\导入的java类库
    <html>
        <head>
            <title>Test Page</title> \\网页的标题
        </head>
        <body>
            <% out.println("hello world");
            %>
        </body>
    </html>
[root@danran ~]# systemctl start tomcat
[root@danran ~]# ss -ntl

client
浏览器键入http://172.16.253.108:8080/test/
输出标签页标题为Test Page，网页输出显示hello word

web manager管理界面

[root@danran ~]# vim /etc/tomcat/tomcat-users.xml  \\manager管理界面的认证用户配置文件
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>  \\启用manager-gui管理组
<user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui"/> \\添加用户到manager-gui管理组中，用户为tomcat，密码为tomcat
[root@danran ~]# systemctl restart tomcat

浏览器键入用户名tomcat和密码即可登录Tomcat Web Application Manager





Server Information服务器的状态信息

修改tomcat的管理接口

[root@danran ~]# vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml  \\监听本地127.16.0.1地址的8005端口
    <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">

登录tomcat的管理接口
[root@danran ~]# telnet 127.16.0.1:8005
    输入SHUTDOWN命令即可关毕tomcat程序

定义host主机

[root@danran ~]# vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml
    <Host name="www.danran.com"  appBase="/data/webapps"
        unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
    </Host>
[root@danran ~]# mkdir -p /data/webapps
[root@danran ~]# mkdir /data/webapps/ROOT
[root@danran ~]# mkdir /data/webapps/ROOT/{classes,lib,WEB-INF,META-INF}
[root@danran ~]# vim /data/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp
    <%@ page language="java" %>
    <html>
        <head><title>TomcatB</title></head>
            <body>
            <h1><font color="blue">TomcatB.magedu.com</font></h1>
            <table align="centre" border="1">
                <tr>
                    <td>Session ID</td>
                <% session.setAttribute("magedu.com","magedu.com"); %>
                    <td><%= session.getId() %></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Created on</td>
                    <td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
                </tr>
            </table>
        </body>
    </html>	

[root@danran ~]# elinks www.danran.com:8080

Context设置

[root@danran ~]# systemctl stop tomcat.service
[root@danran ~]# unzip javaee-bbs-1.3.zip
[root@danran ~]# mv javaee-1.3/ /data/webapps/
    <Host name="www.danran.com"  appBase="/data/webapps"
        unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
         <Context path="/bbs" docBase="/app/bbs" reload="true"></Context>
    </Host>
浏览器输入www.danran.com:8080/bbs访问/app/bbs资源

管理host manager web界面

[root@danran ~]# vim /etc/tomcat/tomcat-users.xml
    <role rolename="admin-gui"/>
    <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="admin-gui"/>

定义Valve组件

[root@danran ~]# vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml
    <Host name="www.danran.com"  appBase="/data/webapps/"
        unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" >
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
        prefix="danran_access.log" suffix=".log"
        pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
    </Host>
[root@danran ~]# systemctl restart tomcat                 [root@danran ~]# ll /var/log/tomcat/danran_access.log2017-08-31.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 tomcat tomcat 73 Aug 31 16:56 /var/log/tomcat/danran_access.log2017-08-31.log
[root@danran ~]# tail /var/log/tomcat/danran_access.log2017-08-31.log
172.16.253.105 - - [31/Aug/2017:16:56:23 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 420

反代理tomcat

nginx与tomcat在同一台服务器上

[root@danran ~]# yum -y install nginx
[root@danran ~]# vim /etc/hosts
    172.16.253.108 www.danran.com
[root@danran ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/tomcat.conf \\主机名传递
    server {
        server_name www.jevon.com;
        listen 80;
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
        }
    }

    server {
        server_name www.danran.com;
        listen 80;
        location / {
            root /usr/share/tomcat/webapps;
            rewrite ^/(.*)$ /ROOT/$1; \\访问的静态资源都重定向到/ROOT/目录下
        }

        location ~* \.(jsp|do)$ {
            proxy_pass http://www.danran.com:8080;
        }
    }
[root@danran ~]# nginx -t
[root@danran ~]# systemctl restart nginx

httpd代理tomcat

[root@danran ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@danran ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/tomcat_http.conf
    <VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerName www.danran.com
        ServerAlias www.jevon.com
        ProxyRequests Off  \\关闭正向代理
        ProxyVia     On \\添加主机名首部
        ProxyPreserveHost On \\传递主机名到后端服务器
        <Proxy *>
            Require all granted
        </Proxy>
        ProxyPass / http://www.danran.com:8080/
        ProxyPassReverse / http://www.danran.com:8080/
        <Location />
            Require all granted
        </Location>
    </VirtualHost>
[root@danran ~]# systemctl restart httpd

AJP协议代理

[root@danran ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/tomcat_ajp.conf
    <VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerName www.danran.com
        index index.jsp index.html;
        ProxyRequests Off
        ProxyVia     On
        ProxyPreserveHost On
        <Proxy *>
            Require all granted
        </Proxy>
        ProxyPass / ajp://127.0.0.1:8009/
        ProxyPassReverse / ajp://127.0.0.1:8009/
        <Location />
            Require all granted
        </Location>
    </VirtualHost>
[root@danran ~]# httpd -t
[root@danran ~]# systemctl restart httpd