PC-lint集成于SourceInsight 范例以及简单分析;提高代码的健壮性;

写代码之际突然想起了pc-lint这个"古董级"的代码静态分析工具;  
下午机房的服务器歇菜了,没法调试游戏,刚好抽出时间来研究一下pc-lint集成在SourceInsight中;
当然百度上也有许多集成的方法,但是经常有某些错误,导致进程无法lint的正常执行;
分3块部分来讲,先说第一块:

一:安装pclint和SourceInsight

安装pclint: 上http://download.csdn.net/detail/u012329294/8280039   或者直接百度
安装SourceInsight: http://rj.baidu.com/soft/detail/10258.html?ald    或者直接百度
配置SourceInsight可以参考我去年写的一篇SourceInsight安装配置指南;

pclint主要配置是 std.lnt  ---主入口 
其中要配置一些其他的.lnt文件,如果在之后的运行过程中提示找不到lnt文件但是实际文件存在的情况,可以手动拷贝到std.lnt文件中;  在最后加上引用lib文件的路径作为头文件引用路径:
我这里已经写好了,大家直接拷贝就行了;
std.lnt文件我待会儿也会发在附件中;

二:将pclint集成到SourceInsight

1.打开Options中的Custom Commonds
2.随意起个名字比如pclint;,再点击Add
3.Run中填: C:\lint\lint-nt  -u  C:\lint\std.lnt  C:\lint\env-vc6.lnt %f  
4.勾选Iconic Window; Capture Output; Parse Links in OutPut; File,then Line; 4个选项
5.Close
6.打开MenuAssignments界面;输入自己刚刚取的名字
7.在MenuAssignments界面选择Menu ,选择Help,选择<end of menu>
8.点击insert;

9.你可以看看在Help界面,有没有出现刚刚你自己定义的名字
大功告成;

三.开始运行pclint了;
1.在SourceInsight中打开你想要检查的cpp文件,
2.Help->pclint;开始执行了
3.执行完毕后会弹出link的分析界面
那就说明lint完毕了;

四.简单分析下,拿自己代码做例子吧;
1.上图

我圈了4个红色的地方;
然后再来看看我写的代码:(提示:::点击左边的小红箭头可以直接跳转到指定代码位置!!)
红圈1:

能看出来后面的return FALSE; 是肯定走不到的分支;

红圈4:

这个比较严重,我发现我的stActiveSingle变量居然没有用过....

红圈2: 
代码是指针的直接偏移指定字节数得到结构体指针;还是很可能野指针的,但是这个毕竟按照消息头规则来的,那应该是没问题;

红圈3: 2
error 641: (Warning -- Converting enum 'TCBY_ENUM_ACTIVETYPE' to int)
不能直接把enum转成int;

五.分析完毕

附:lint文件内容:

//  Microsoft C and Visual C++ 6.x, -si4 -sp4, lib-w32.lnt
//  Standard lint options
//    co-msc60.lnt
//    Compiler Options for Microsoft C Version 12.x
//         (32 bit version)

-cmsc
-si4    // integers are 4 bytes
-sp4    // pointers are 4 bytes too.
-A(C++1997)     // The C++ standard used was 1997,
                // i.e., not the 2003 upgrade

//    This file contains options to allow PC-lint to process source
//    files for your compiler.  It is used as follows:
//
//    lint  co-msc60.lnt  source-file(s)
//
-d_M_IX86=300   // assume Intel 80386 architecture -- modify to suit

// We now support __declspec directly so that the following
        // option is now commented out.  If trouble ensues you can
        // once again disable __declspec through this option.
        // -d__declspec()= // ignore this construct
-d_declspec=__declspec  // the single '_' version is occasionally used

// while processing compiler (library) header files ...
-wlib(1)    // sets the warning level within library headers to 1
        // (no warnings, just syntax errors).  Comment out if you
        // are actually linting library headers.  This
        // option makes obsolete options of the form -elib(axxx) where
        // xxx >= 400 which may be retained for historical reasons.
-elib(19)   // useless declarations (lone semicolons)
-elib(123)  // function-like macro name used as non macro
-elib(652)  // suppress message about #define of earlier declared symbols
-elib(762)  // suppress message about multiple identical declarations and
-elib(760)  // suppress message about multiple identical macro defs
-elib(514)  // allow #if <boolean> | <boolean>
-elib(553)  // undefined preprocessor variables assumed 0
-elib(1081) // suspicious object argument to an object parameter
-elib(726)  // extraneous comma in enum definition

//  SREGS, WORDREGS, BYTEREGS are defined in both bios.h and dos.h
//  and accordingly you MAY get type differences based on 'origin'.
//  If so, use the following options:
//      -etd(origin)
//      -elib(770)

-format=%(%f(%l)\s:\s%)%t\s%n:\s%m
        // error format similar to MSC
        // Note that %c can also be used to specify column
-e46    // allows bit-fields to be other than int or unsigned
+fan    // allow anonymous unions
+fdi    // Use directory of the including file
+fbo    // enable the bool type
+fwm    // wprintf format codes are not standard
-fdh    // do not append a .h to header names
-ffb    // do not establish a separate scope for declares within for clauses
-esym(123,min,max)  // allows users to use min, max as variables
-d_MSC_VER=1200 // compiler version (in decimal)
+rw(__inline)   // activate the __inline keyword
+ppw(import)    // activate #import
-d_inline=__inline  // _inline is the same as __inline
-sld10          // sizeof(long double) is 10.
-function(exit,_exit)   // _exit() is like exit()
-function(exit,_assert)   // _assert() is like exit()
-emacro(506,assert) // don't warn about constant value Boolean
-emacro(734,putc)   // don't complain about items being too large.
-emacro(415,_FP_SEG)  // access of out-of-bounds pointer
-emacro(740,FP_SEG,FP_OFF)  // unusual casts
-emacro((???),va_arg)   // the va_arg() macro can yield 415, 416, 661, 662
            // 796 and 797 (out-of-bounds errors).
-emacro(413,offsetof)  // use of NULL pointer creates a stir
-emacro(545,offsetof)  // addressing an array member is OK
-emacro(845,RGB)       // a common use of RGB uses a operator that produces a 0
-e793           // inhibit 'ANSI limit reached' --
        // limits are impractically low with MSVC headers
-esym(628,eof)  // failure to provide argument information for eof()
-esym(773,L_tmpnam)     // defined with an unparenthesized '+'
-esym(438,_acp)         // USES_CONVERSION assigns to _acp.

//  The following functions exhibit variable return modes.
//  That is, they may equally-usefully be called for a value
//  as called just for their effects.  Accordingly we inhibit
//  Warning 534 for these functions.
//  Feel free to add to or subtract from this list.

-esym(534,close,creat,fclose,fflush,_flsbuf,fprintf,fputc)
-esym(534,fputs,fscanf,fseek,fwrite,lseek,memcpy,memmove,memset)
-esym(534,printf,puts,scanf,sprintf,sscanf,strcat,strcpy)
-esym(534,strncat,strncpy,unlink,write)

//  These are the wide char variants of printf-scanf family

-wprintf( 1, wprintf )
-wprintf( 2, fwprintf, swprintf )
-wscanf( 1, wscanf )
-wscanf( 2, fwscanf, swscanf )

// The following options are used to adjust our function mimicry to
// the actual library as provided by MS.

-function( wcstombs(1) )  // remove the check for a NULL first arg to wcstombs()

// The following options are required by most compilers to
// noiselessly process iostream.h

-elib(1717) //empty prototypes
-elib(522) //function return value ignored
-elib(1053) //prototypes cannot be distinguished
-elib(1721) //unusual operator =() declaration
-elib(1720) //assignment op has non-const parameter
-elib(655)  // bitwise operator combining compatible enum's
-elib(641)  // converting enum's to int
-elib(537)  // repeated include file (ios.h)
-elib(1511) // member (rdbuf) hides nonvirtual member
-elib(1712) // default constructor not defined for class
-elib(1736) // redundant access specifier
-esym(1702,operator<<,operator>>)  // both a member and an ordinary function

// These functions return things that are frequently ignored.

-esym(534,*operator<<,*operator>>)

// The following additional options seem to be needed.

-elib(506) // constant value Boolean
-elib(620) // el or one? (some constants end in 'l' not 'L')
-elib(648) // overflow in computing constant (3<<16)
-elib(659) // nothing follows '}' on some line
-elib(723) // suspicious use of '='
-elib(747) //significant prototype coercion
-elib(740) //unusual pointer casts
-elib(1007) // virtual functions within extern "C" block
-elib(1029) //default argument repeated -- can't dist. char, signed char
-elib(1055) //call to rdbuf() questioned?
-elib(1504) // apparently useless structs
-elib(1708,1709) // minor C/C++ declaration conflict
-elib(1707) // operator new declared w/o 'static'
-elib(1722) // assignment op does not return reference
-elib(149)  // default argument found in C code.
-elib(578)  // declaration of time hides delaration of global time().
-elib(761)  // two equivalent typedef declarations
-elib(1065)  // same name declared as "C" and not "C"
-elib(1066)  // same name declared as "C" and not "C"
-elib(1704)   // constructor with private access declaration
-elib(1735)   // default parameter within virtual function
-elib(773)  // macros that look like unparenthesized expressions
-elib(806)  // 1-bit bitfields typed int
-elib(1501) // 0-length data members
-elib(1510) // base class has no destructor
-elib(1516) // data member hides inherited member
-elib(1509) // base class destructor is not virtual

// Special Notice:  You may be receiving mysterious 1058 errors
//   when you use "iomanipulator"s.  For example:
//   cout << setw(4) << 4;
//   results in Error 1058 (assigning a const to a ref) because the
//   manipulator setw returns a non-lvalue which is assigned to a reference.
//   This reflects an oversight in the Microsoft header file: iomanip.h
//   Therein you may change the declaration:
//     friend ostream& operator<<(iostream& s, IOMANIP(T) & sm) { ...
//   to:
//     friend ostream& operator<<(iostream& s, const IOMANIP(T) & sm) { ...
//   to reflect the fact that sm is not modified by this function.

-d_M_IX86=300   // define the architecture (one of _M_IX86, _M_ALPHA,
        // _M_PPC, _M_MRX000)
-d_INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS=64  // denotes support for __int64
+fll            // enable long long
-d__STDC__=0    // Starting with 2.0, the tests within Microsoft header
        // files for __STDC__ are of the form #if rather than #ifdef
-dWIN32         // this is necessary because without WIN32 being defined
-d_WIN32        // a very gross syntax error is exposed in the objbase.h
        // ... definition of function operator ==().  Alternatively,
        // ... repair the function definition.
-dDBG=0         // There is a #if test made for this variable.
-d__FUNCTION__=___function___
                        // use Lint's built-in define

/*  The option -d_NEW_ previously appearing in this spot is no longer
    recommended as it nullifies the <new> header and because of this
    prevents definition of 'bad_alloc' among other things.
 */

/*  DLL's  or Multithreads?  Enable the following:

-d_AFXDLL   // making a DLL
    -d_DLL      // ditto
    -d_MT       // multi-thread

*/

/*  At one time we indicated that wchar_t was predefined by using
    the option +fwc but then in order to keep the Microsoft headers
    from redefining it we used the option -d_WCHAR_T_DEFINED.
    But this in turned created a rare problem so now we just leave it
    undefined.
 */

// In the following option we define __uuidof() and suppress
// Errors 50 and 69 and 1924 in exprs. containing same
-d"__uuidof()= /*lint --e(50,69,1924) */ (_GUID)0"

-esym(123,FD_SET)  // defined as macro and as typedef
-esym(1726,endl,ends)   // taking the address of an overloaded function
-esym(18,Data_t::Data_t)  // definition not matching declaration

-elib(10)       // expecting ')' -- comdef.h has a: #if defined( id
-elib(43)       // vacuous array within _MIDL_FORMAT_STRING
-elib(602)      // benign comment within comment
-elib(657)      // declaring "anonymous struct" in union _LARGE_INTEGER
-elib(799)      // long numerical constant for max. __int64
-elib(1502)     // nothrow has no data members
-elib(1505)     // no access specifier in base class specifier
-elib(1515)     // AFX_THREAD_STATE member has no default constructor
-elib(1706)     // Unusual declaration with a scope operator
-elib(1725)     // data member is a reference
-elib(1548)     // conflicting exception specifications
-elib(1737)     // hiding global operator new
-elib(1739)     // binary operator should be non-member function
-elib(1748)     // non-virtual base class included twice
-elib(1759)     // post-fix operator returns a reference

+e1942      // This Elective Note alerts the user to the non-standard
            // way in which MS handles originally-dependent base classes.
            // E.g.  template<class T> class A : T { ... x ... };
            // Should T be searched for "x" during instantiation?
            // the standard says "no", MS does.

//  Add elements of ole automation

// BSTR functions (part of OLE Automation)

-sem( SysAllocString, @p == malloc(1p) || @p == 0, 1p )
-sem( SysAllocStringByteLen, @P == malloc(2n+1) || @p == 0 )
-sem( SysAllocStringLen, @p == malloc(2n+1) || @p == 0 )
-sem( SysStringLen, 1p ? @n == 1p - 1 : @n == 0 )
-function( free, SysFreeString )

-d_stdcall=__stdcall    // make _stdcall equivalent to __stdcall

//  lib-w32.lnt
//    PC-lint Library Options File for 32-bit mode windows.h

-d__FLAT__
-d_WIN32
-si4
-sp4
-esym(14,pLocalHeap)   // variable defined in windows.h
-e740   // remove 'suspicious cast' messages because these must be
    // routinely done within Windows.
-elib(46) // windows.h uses a BYTE as base of bit field.
-e793       // windows breaks ANSI limits

//  the following functions have their return value typically ignored.
//  add or subtract from this list as desired.
-esym(534,RegisterClass,ShowWindow,TranslateMessage,DispatchMessage)
-esym(534,DrawText,GetTextMetrics,ReleaseDC,TextOut,SetTextAlign)
-esym(534,SetScrollPos,SelectObject,SetBkMode,SendMessage,MessageBox)
-esym(534,MessageBoxA,MessageBoxW,PostMessageA,PostMessageW)
-esym(534,PatBlt,DeleteDC,SetCapture,SetCursor,StretchBlt)
-esym(534,Rectangle,MoveTo,LineTo,ShowCursor,MoveWindow,SetWindowWord)
-esym(534,SetPixel,FillRect,DeleteObject,KillTimer,GetProfileString)
-esym(534,SetWindowLong,SetFocus,SetBkColor,SetTextColor,SetBrushOrg)
-esym(534,UnrealizeObject,_lclose,Polygon,FrameRect,LoadString)
-esym(534,GetInstanceData,GlobalUnlock,FreeResource,LoadString)
-esym(534,DrawIcon,AppendMenu,GetObject,CheckMenuItem,SetClassWord)
-esym(534,EnableMenuItem,SetMenu,DestroyMenu,TrackPopupMenu)
-esym(534,AnsiUpper,Arc,BeginPaint,BitBlt,ChangeClipboardChain,Chord)
-esym(534,CloseClipboard,CombineRgn,DdeClientTransaction,DdeDisconnect)
-esym(534,DdeFreeStringHandle,DdeGetData,DdeNameService,DdePostAdvise)
-esym(534,DdeQueryString,DdeUninitialize,DeleteMenu,DeleteMetaFile)
-esym(534,DestroyWindow,DialogBox,DPtoLP,Ellipse,EmptyClipboard,EnableWindow)
-esym(534,EnumChildWindows,EnumWindows,Escape,GetClassName,GetDlgItemText)
-esym(534,GetFileTitle,GetMenuString,GetStrings,GetSystemMenu,GetTextFace)
-esym(534,GetWindowText,GlobalDeleteAtom,GlobalFree,GlobalGetAtomName)
-esym(534,LocalFree,LocalUnlock,LockResource,lstrcpy,OpenClipboard)
-esym(534,Pie,PlayMetaFile,PopFindNextText,PostDataMessage,PostMessage)
-esym(534,RestoreDC,SaveDC,SelectClipRgn,SendDlgItemMessage,SetClipboardData)
-esym(534,SetDIBitsToDevice,SetMapMode,SetMapperFlags,SetROP2,SetStretchBltMode)
-esym(534,SetTextJustification,SetTimer,SetViewportExt,SetViewportOrg)
-esym(534,SetWindowExt,SetWindowOrg,StretchDIBits,WinExec)

//  Ignored parameters
-esym(715,lpszCmdParam,lpszCmdLine)

-emacro(648,PSN_*)      // ignore unsigned overflow (0-200U)