C# 反射（Reflection）

反射指程序可以访问、检测和修改它本身状态或行为的一种能力。

程序集包含模块，而模块包含类型，类型又包含成员。反射则提供了封装程序集、模块和类型的对象。

您可以使用反射动态地创建类型的实例，将类型绑定到现有对象，或从现有对象中获取类型。然后，可以调用类型的方法或访问其字段和属性。

优缺点

优点：

  • 1、反射提高了程序的灵活性和扩展性。
  • 2、降低耦合性，提高自适应能力。
  • 3、它允许程序创建和控制任何类的对象，无需提前硬编码目标类。

缺点：

  • 1、性能问题：使用反射基本上是一种解释操作，用于字段和方法接入时要远慢于直接代码。因此反射机制主要应用在对灵活性和拓展性要求很高的系统框架上，普通程序不建议使用。
  • 2、使用反射会模糊程序内部逻辑；程序员希望在源代码中看到程序的逻辑，反射却绕过了源代码的技术，因而会带来维护的问题，反射代码比相应的直接代码更复杂。

以上来自菜鸟教程解释

假如我需要让代码自动识别并执行dll里面所有的方法，这个时候就可以用到c#反射；

1.先用C#写个简单的UI，效果图如下：

代码部分

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Data;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.IO;

using System.Reflection;

using System.Reflection.Emit;

using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

using System.Threading;

namespace BojayUI

{

    public partial class Form1 : Form

    {

        public Form1()

        {

            InitializeComponent();

        }

        private void buttonOpenPort_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            this.buttonClosePort.Enabled = true;

            this.buttonOpenPort.Enabled = false;

            this.buttonOpenProfile.Enabled = true;

            //this.buttonBojay.Enabled = true;

            MessageBox.Show("OpenPort finish!");

        }

        private void buttonClosePort_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            this.buttonClosePort.Enabled = false;

            this.buttonOpenPort.Enabled = true;

            this.buttonOpenProfile.Enabled = false;

            //this.buttonBojay.Enabled = false;

            MessageBox.Show("ClosePort finish!");

        }

        private void buttonOpenFile_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            OpenProfileDialog.InitialDirectory = "C:\\";

            OpenProfileDialog.Filter = "Dynamic Link Library (*.dll)|*.dll|Text Document (*.txt)|*.txt|Comma-Separated Values (*.csv)|*.csv|All files (*.*)|*.*";

            if (this.OpenProfileDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)

            {

                this.textBoxProfilePath.Text = OpenProfileDialog.FileName;

                //save the file……

                //system.io.streamreader sr = new system.io.streamreader(openfiledialog1.filename);

                //this.textbox1.text = sr.readtoend();

                //sr.close();

            }

        }

        private void textBoxProfilePath_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

        }

        private void button_start_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            //******************执行所有类所有函数**************************//

            string path = this.textBoxProfilePath.Text;

            //string path = @"C:\Users\bojay\Desktop\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1\bin\x86\Debug\ClassLibrary1.dll";

            //加载dll文件

            Assembly asm = Assembly.LoadFile(path);

            //正则表达式匹配

            string pattern = @"\w*\.";

            Match match = Regex.Match(path, pattern);

            //string[] StrArray_dll = path.Split(new string[] { "\\" }, StringSplitOptions.None);

            //string StrArray_namespace = StrArray_dll[StrArray_dll.Length - 1];

            //string[] String_class = StrArray_namespace.Split(new string[] { ".dl" }, StringSplitOptions.None);

            Type[] T = asm.GetTypes();

            for (int i = ; i < T.Length; i++)

            {

                //********************c#****************************

                //Type type_1 = asm.GetType(T[i].Name);

                //string final_str = String_class[0] + "." + T[i].Name;

                string namespace_class = match.Value + T[i].Name;

                //获取类

                Type type = asm.GetType(namespace_class);

                //创建该类的实例

                object obj = Activator.CreateInstance(type);

                MethodInfo[] methods = type.GetMethods();

                try

                {

                    //c#：method.Length-4

                    //c++：method.Length-5

                    for (int index = ; index < methods.Length - ; index++)

                    {

                        MethodInfo mf = type.GetMethod(methods[index].Name);

                        mf.Invoke(obj, null);

                        //**************dll--function return value and parameters***************//

                        //object result = mf.Invoke(obj, null);

                        //Console.WriteLine(result);

                        //ParameterInfo[] para = me.GetParameters();

                    }

                }

                catch (Exception ex)

                {

                    throw ex;

                }

            }

            //****************************************************************//

            //****************************************************************//

            Type temp_type = asm.GetType(match.Value + T[].Name);

            object temp_obj = Activator.CreateInstance(temp_type);

            //FieldInfo[] pi = temp_type.GetFields();

            //get min

            FieldInfo Minlimit = temp_type.GetField("Minlimit");

            string str_min = Minlimit.GetValue(temp_obj).ToString();

            //get max

            FieldInfo Maxlimit = temp_type.GetField("Maxlimit");

            string str_max = Maxlimit.GetValue(temp_obj).ToString();

            //scope

            this.label_dll1scop.Text = str_min + " < X < " + str_max;

            //get target data

            string line;

            using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader("common.txt"))

            {

                if ((line = sr.ReadLine()) != null)

                {

                    this.label_dll1Data.Text = line;

                }

            }

            int MIN = Convert.ToInt32(str_min);

            int MAX = Convert.ToInt32(str_max);

            int Target = Convert.ToInt32(line);

            if (MIN < Target && Target < MAX)

            {

                this.label_dll1Result.BackColor = Color.Green;

                this.label_dll1Result.Text = "PASS";

            }

            else

            {

                this.label_dll1Result.BackColor = Color.Red;

                this.label_dll1Result.Text = "Fail";

            }

            //this.label_dll1scop.Text = "1.0 < X < 100.0";

            //this.label_dll1Data.Text = "9.0";

            //this.label_dll1Result.BackColor = Color.Green;

            //this.label_dll1Result.Text = "PASS";

            //Console.ReadKey();

        }

    }

}

Form1.cs

namespace BojayUI

{

    partial class Form1

    {

        /// <summary>

        /// Required designer variable.

        /// </summary>

        private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

        /// <summary>

        /// Clean up any resources being used.

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>

        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)

        {

            if (disposing && (components != null))

            {

                components.Dispose();

            }

            base.Dispose(disposing);

        }

        #region Windows Form Designer generated code

        /// <summary>

        /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify

        /// the contents of this method with the code editor.

        /// </summary>

        private void InitializeComponent()

        {

            this.tabControl1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TabControl();

            this.tabPage1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TabPage();

            this.buttonOpenProfile = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

            this.textBoxProfilePath = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();

            this.labelProfilePath = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();

            this.buttonClosePort = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

            this.buttonOpenPort = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

            this.tabPage2 = new System.Windows.Forms.TabPage();

            this.button_start = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

            this.label_dll1scop = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();

            this.label_dll1Data = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();

            this.label_dll1Result = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();

            this.label_dll1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();

            this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();

            this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();

            this.OpenProfileDialog = new System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog();

            this.tabControl1.SuspendLayout();

            this.tabPage1.SuspendLayout();

            this.tabPage2.SuspendLayout();

            this.SuspendLayout();

            //

            // tabControl1

            //

            this.tabControl1.Controls.Add(this.tabPage1);

            this.tabControl1.Controls.Add(this.tabPage2);

            this.tabControl1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(, );

            this.tabControl1.Name = "tabControl1";

            this.tabControl1.SelectedIndex = ;

            this.tabControl1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(, );

            this.tabControl1.TabIndex = ;

            //

            // tabPage1

            //

            this.tabPage1.Controls.Add(this.buttonOpenProfile);

            this.tabPage1.Controls.Add(this.textBoxProfilePath);

            this.tabPage1.Controls.Add(this.labelProfilePath);

            this.tabPage1.Controls.Add(this.buttonClosePort);

            this.tabPage1.Controls.Add(this.buttonOpenPort);

            this.tabPage1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(, );

            this.tabPage1.Name = "tabPage1";

            this.tabPage1.Padding = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding();

            this.tabPage1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(, );

            this.tabPage1.TabIndex = ;

            this.tabPage1.Text = "Setting";

            this.tabPage1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

            //

            // buttonOpenProfile

            //

            this.buttonOpenProfile.Enabled = false;

            this.buttonOpenProfile.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(, );

            this.buttonOpenProfile.Name = "buttonOpenProfile";

            this.buttonOpenProfile.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(, );

            this.buttonOpenProfile.TabIndex = ;

            this.buttonOpenProfile.Text = "OpenProfile";

            this.buttonOpenProfile.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

            this.buttonOpenProfile.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.buttonOpenFile_Click);

            //

            // textBoxProfilePath

            //

            this.textBoxProfilePath.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(, );

            this.textBoxProfilePath.Name = "textBoxProfilePath";

            this.textBoxProfilePath.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(, );

            this.textBoxProfilePath.TabIndex = ;

            this.textBoxProfilePath.TextChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.textBoxProfilePath_TextChanged);

            //

            // labelProfilePath

            //

            this.labelProfilePath.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(((int)(((byte)()))), ((int)(((byte)()))), ((int)(((byte)()))));

            this.labelProfilePath.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(, );

            this.labelProfilePath.Name = "labelProfilePath";

            this.labelProfilePath.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(, );

            this.labelProfilePath.TabIndex = ;

            this.labelProfilePath.Text = "ProfilePath";

            this.labelProfilePath.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;

            //

            // buttonClosePort

            //

            this.buttonClosePort.Enabled = false;

            this.buttonClosePort.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(, );

            this.buttonClosePort.Name = "buttonClosePort";

            this.buttonClosePort.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(, );

            this.buttonClosePort.TabIndex = ;

            this.buttonClosePort.Text = "ClosePort";

            this.buttonClosePort.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

            this.buttonClosePort.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.buttonClosePort_Click);

            //

            // buttonOpenPort

            //

            this.buttonOpenPort.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(, );

            this.buttonOpenPort.Name = "buttonOpenPort";

            this.buttonOpenPort.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(, );

            this.buttonOpenPort.TabIndex = ;

            this.buttonOpenPort.Text = "OpenPort";

            this.buttonOpenPort.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

            this.buttonOpenPort.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.buttonOpenPort_Click);

            //

            // tabPage2

            //

            this.tabPage2.Controls.Add(this.button_start);

            this.tabPage2.Controls.Add(this.label_dll1scop);

            this.tabPage2.Controls.Add(this.label_dll1Data);

            this.tabPage2.Controls.Add(this.label_dll1Result);

            this.tabPage2.Controls.Add(this.label_dll1);

            this.tabPage2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(, );

            this.tabPage2.Name = "tabPage2";

            this.tabPage2.Padding = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding();

            this.tabPage2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(, );

            this.tabPage2.TabIndex = ;

            this.tabPage2.Text = "Work";

            this.tabPage2.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

            //

            // button_start

            //

            this.button_start.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(, );

            this.button_start.Name = "button_start";

            this.button_start.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(, );

            this.button_start.TabIndex = ;

            this.button_start.Text = "Start";

            this.button_start.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

            this.button_start.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button_start_Click);

            //

            // label_dll1scop

            //

            this.label_dll1scop.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Silver;

            this.label_dll1scop.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(, );

            this.label_dll1scop.Name = "label_dll1scop";

            this.label_dll1scop.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(, );

            this.label_dll1scop.TabIndex = ;

            this.label_dll1scop.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;

            //

            // label_dll1Data

            //

            this.label_dll1Data.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Silver;

            this.label_dll1Data.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(, );

            this.label_dll1Data.Name = "label_dll1Data";

            this.label_dll1Data.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(, );

            this.label_dll1Data.TabIndex = ;

            this.label_dll1Data.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;

            //

            // label_dll1Result

            //

            this.label_dll1Result.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Silver;

            this.label_dll1Result.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(, );

            this.label_dll1Result.Name = "label_dll1Result";

            this.label_dll1Result.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(, );

            this.label_dll1Result.TabIndex = ;

            this.label_dll1Result.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;

            //

            // label_dll1

            //

            this.label_dll1.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Silver;

            this.label_dll1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(, );

            this.label_dll1.Name = "label_dll1";

            this.label_dll1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(, );

            this.label_dll1.TabIndex = ;

            this.label_dll1.Text = "GetValue_FromDll1Text";

            this.label_dll1.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;

            //

            // label1

            //

            this.label1.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(((int)(((byte)()))), ((int)(((byte)()))), ((int)(((byte)()))));

            this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(, );

            this.label1.Name = "label1";

            this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(, );

            this.label1.TabIndex = ;

            this.label1.Text = "Bojay Common UI V1.0";

            this.label1.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;

            //

            // label2

            //

            this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(, );

            this.label2.Name = "label2";

            this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(, );

            this.label2.TabIndex = ;

            this.label2.Text = "Developed by Tony";

            this.label2.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;

            //

            // OpenProfileDialog

            //

            this.OpenProfileDialog.FileName = "OpenProfileDialog";

            //

            // Form1

            //

            this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);

            this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;

            this.AutoValidate = System.Windows.Forms.AutoValidate.Disable;

            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(, );

            this.Controls.Add(this.label2);

            this.Controls.Add(this.label1);

            this.Controls.Add(this.tabControl1);

            this.Name = "Form1";

            this.Text = "DEMO_UI";

            this.tabControl1.ResumeLayout(false);

            this.tabPage1.ResumeLayout(false);

            this.tabPage1.PerformLayout();

            this.tabPage2.ResumeLayout(false);

            this.ResumeLayout(false);

        }

        #endregion

        private System.Windows.Forms.TabControl tabControl1;

        private System.Windows.Forms.TabPage tabPage1;

        private System.Windows.Forms.TabPage tabPage2;

        private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;

        private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;

        private System.Windows.Forms.Button buttonOpenPort;

        private System.Windows.Forms.Button buttonClosePort;

        private System.Windows.Forms.Button buttonOpenProfile;

        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBoxProfilePath;

        private System.Windows.Forms.Label labelProfilePath;

        private System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog OpenProfileDialog;

        private System.Windows.Forms.Label label_dll1;

        private System.Windows.Forms.Label label_dll1scop;

        private System.Windows.Forms.Label label_dll1Data;

        private System.Windows.Forms.Label label_dll1Result;

        private System.Windows.Forms.Button button_start;

    }

}

From1.Designer.cs

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace BojayUI

{

    static class Program

    {

        /// <summary>

        /// The main entry point for the application.

        /// </summary>

        [STAThread]

        static void Main()

        {

            Application.EnableVisualStyles();

            Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);

            Application.Run(new Form1());

        }

    }

}

Program.cs

2.C#写个dll

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

using System.IO;

namespace ClassLibrary1

{

    public class Common

    {

        public int Maxlimit = ;

        public int Minlimit = ;

        public int common = ;

    }

    public class Class1:Common

    {

        public void WriteFile()

        {

            int temp = this.common+;

            using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter("common.txt"))

            {

                sw.WriteLine(temp);

            }

        }

    }

}

ClassLibrary1

3.运行UI，加载dll路径

4.执行dll所有类里面的所有方法和属性

5.结果pass，说明该dll里面的函数功能运行结果达到我们的要求；当然啦，这个dll里面只是简单的通过文件写读，将某个目标值进行判断而已，而且我们还需要定义某个公用的类Common，及对应公用属性Maxlimit、Minlimit、common

总结：

<1>dll的C#代码里的namespace命名空间必须和dll文件名一致，因为我们进行匹配的时候只是匹配dll文件名；当然，我们也可以有更好的方法，例如将dll命名空间保持不变，这样我们还不需要对dll路径进行解析

<2>解析字符串的方式可以用正则，也可以用split等较为通俗简便的方法，但可能步骤会稍微多点，建议能用正则还是用正则

<3>dll是用C#写的，可以考虑能否写个.net 平台的C++dll

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