There is a base class at the root of the hierarchy, from which the other class inherit, directly or indirectly. These inheriting classes are known as derived calsses. The key ideas in Object-Oriented Programming are data abstraction, inheritance and…

How can I protect derived classes from breaking when I change the internal parts of the base class? A class has two distinct interfaces for two distinct sets of clients: It has a public interface that serves unrelated classes It has a protected inter…

A derived class inherits all of the members of a base class except for its constructors. You must define a constructor in a derived class unless the base class has defined a default (parameterless) constructor.  If you don’t define a constructor in t…

In C++, once a member function is declared as a virtual function in a base class, it becomes virtual in every class derived from that base class. In other words, it is not necessary to use the keyword virtual in the derived class while declaring rede…

Ordinarily, if we do not use a function, we do not need to supply a definition of the function. However, we must define every virtual function, regardless of whether it is used, bacuase compiler has no way to determine whether a virtual function is u…

C++ Core Guidelines September 9, 2015 Editors: Bjarne Stroustrup Herb Sutter This document is a very early draft. It is inkorrekt, incompleat, and pµøoorly formatted. Had it been an open source (code) project, this would have been release 0.6. Copy…

Programming language evolves always along with Compiler's evolvement. 1. The C++ Object Model: Stroustrup's original (and still prevailing) C++ Object Model is derived from the simple object model by optimizing for space and access time. Non-static d…

1.Furthermore, I explain what the different features in C++ really mean — what you are really expressing when you use a particular construct. For example, public inheritance means "is-a," and if you try to make it mean anything else, you'll run…

Base and Derived Classes: class BaseClass{ class func staticMethod(){ println("BaseClass.staticMethod") } class func staticMethodWithSelfCall(){ self.staticMethod() } func instanceMethodWithStaticCall(){ self.dynamicType.staticMethod() } } class…

转换和继承,虚函数 Understanding conversions between base and derived classes is essential to understanding how object-oriented programming works in C++. 理解基类和派生类之间的转换是不可缺少的 理解面向对象编程在. Like built-in pointers, the smart pointer classes (§12.1, p. 450) support…