Textbook:<计算机组成与设计——硬件/软件接口>  HI<计算机体系结构——量化研究方法>          QR 最后一节来看看如何实现parallelism 在多处理器系统中,每个处理器(core)可能有自己专属的cache,然后多处理器共享memory.在这种情况下,当多个线程(核心)对同一个变量进行读写时,就会出现不同cache中该变量的值不一样的情况(取决于cache是write back还是write through,以及相关cacheline被evict的时间…

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE DESIGNING FOR PERFORMANCE NINTH EDITION Hardware-based solutions are generally referred to as cache coherence protocols. These solutions provide dynamic recognition at run time of potential inconsistency conditi…

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE DESIGNING FOR PERFORMANCE NINTH EDITION Software cache coherence schemes attempt to avoid the need for additional hard-ware circuitry and logic by relying on the compiler and operating system to deal with the pr…

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE DESIGNING FOR PERFORMANCE NINTH EDITION In contemporary multiprocessor systems, it is customary to have one or two levels of cache associated with each processor. This organization is essential to achieve reason…

A pending tag system and method to maintain data coherence in a processing node during pending transactions in a transaction pipeline. A pending tag storage unit may be coupled to a cache controller and configured to store pending tags each indicativ…

A cache coherence protocol facilitates a distributed cache coherency conflict resolution in a multi-node system to resolve conflicts at a home node. FIELD The invention relates to high-speed point-to-point link networks. More particularly, the invent…

计算机系统结构:CPU性能公式 基础知识 CPU 时间:一个程序在 CPU 上运行的时间.(不包括I/O时间) 主频.时钟频率:CPU 内部主时钟的频率,表示1秒可以完成多少个周期. 例如,主频为 4.1GHz,表示每秒可以完成 4.1*109 个时钟周期. 时钟周期:时钟周期也称为振荡周期,定义为时钟频率的倒数.时钟周期是计算机中最基本的.最小的时间单位.在一个时钟周期内,CPU仅完成一个最基本的动作. 时钟周期 = 1 / 频率,例如 1/ 4.1*109 . CPU 的时钟周期越短,CPU…

A multi-processor, multi-cache system has filter pipes that store entries for request messages sent to a central coherency controller. The central coherency controller orders requests from filter pipes using coherency rules but does not track complet…

Textbook:<计算机组成与设计——硬件/软件接口>  HI<计算机体系结构——量化研究方法>          QR 这节我们来看CPU内部的一些东西. Instruction Set Architecture 指令集是介于硬件(CPU microarchitecture / IO / ....)和软件(compiler / OS / ....)之间的一个interface.硬件(486-586-PentiumPro)和软件(Win98-WinXP)都会更新换代,但指令集很少…

Textbook: <计算机组成与设计——硬件/软件接口>  HI <计算机体系结构——量化研究方法>       QR 这是youtube上一个非常好的memory system的课. 1. Physical Memory 这里我们重点关注DRAM 从概念上分为:Channel > DIMM > Rank > Chip > Bank > Row/Column Channel:一个主板上可能有多个插槽,用来插多根内存.这些槽位分成两组或多组,组内共享物…