1. Primitive Types        Any data types the compiler directly supports are called primitive types.        Primitive types map directly to types existing in the Framework Class Library (FCL).        For the types that are compliant with the Common La…

1.Programming Language Primitive Types primitive types:Any data types the compiler directly supports. Primitive types map directly to types existing in the Framework Class Library (FCL). use the FCL type names and completely avoid the primitive type…

   Kinds of methods        Constructors      Type constructors      Overload operators      Type conversions (for implicit and explicit casting)      Extension methods      Partial methods.              1. Instance Constructors and Classes (Reference…

1. Constants        A constant is a symbol that has a never-changing value. When defining a constant symbol, its value must be determinable at compile time. The compiler then saves the constant’s value in the assembly’s metadata. This means that you…

1. Weakly Named Assembly vs Strong Named Assembly        Weakly named assemblies and strongly named assemblies are structurally identical—that is, they use the same portable executable (PE) file format, PE32(+) header, CLR header, metadata, manifest…

1. C# Compiler - CSC.exe            csc.exe /out:Program.exe /t:exe /r:MSCorLib.dll Program.cs      This command line tells the C# compiler to emit an executable file called Program.exe (/out:Program.exe). The type of file produced is a Win32 console…

1. System.Object        The runtime requires every type to ultimately be derived from the System.Object type.        Because all types are ultimately derived from System.Object, you are guaranteed that every object of every type has a minimum set of…

1. Assemly       A managed module is a standard 32-bit Microsoft Windoes portable executable (PE32) file or a standard 64-bit Windows portable executable (PE32+) file that requires the CLR to execute.        Managed Module = IL + metadata.        Ass…

今天跟大家分享一下关于访问限定和数据成员的知识.主要包括以下两点: Abstract, sealed, virtual, new, override怎么用? Const 和 readonly好像都表示不能改变的值,有什么区别呢? 一. 访问限定 类和方法有一些访问限定符,如private,public等.除此之外,还包含一些预定义特性.下面几个你都知道吗? 1. 类的预定义特性 Abstract——抽象类.不能实例化.如果派生类不是抽象类,则必须实例化. Sealed——密封类.不能做基类被继承…

1. Different Kinds  of Type Members        A type can define zero or more of the following kinds of members:        Constants           A constant is a symbol that identifies a never-changing data value        Fields           A field represents a re…

An interface is a reference type, in spite of the fact that it has no code at all. Thus, wecannot instantiate an interface. We can use it as a construct for the creation of new types.An interface defines a contract that is left to the class to implem…

most from reference 基本类型 在kotlin中,一切都是对象,我们可以在任何变量上调用成员函数和属性.一些类型可以具有特殊的内部表示:例如,数字.字符和布尔值都可以在运行时被表示为原始值,但是对于用户来说,它们看起来像普通类.在本节中,我们将描述kotlin中使用的基本类型:数字.字符.布尔值.数组和字符串. 数字 kotlin以接近Java的方式处理数字,但不完全相同.例如,数字没有隐含的扩展转换,在某些情况下,文字略有不同. kotlin提供以下代表数字的内置类型(这接近…

重点学习的个概念 unhandled exceptions constrained execution regions code contracts runtime wrapped exceptions uncatchable exceptions Exception is not related to how frequently something happens Many developers incorrectly believe that an exception is related…

在学习.NET的时候,因为一些疑问,让我打算把.NET的类型篇做一个总结.总结以三篇博文的形式呈现. 这篇博文,作为三篇博文的第一篇,主要探讨了.NET Framework中的基本类型,以及这些类型一些重要的特性. 第二篇中,我会探讨.NET 是如何实现两个对象的比较的,其中会用到第一篇中的基础和结论. 第三篇,我从CLR中的常用容器出发,来探讨泛型以及它们背后的数据结构. 下面,我们从类型说起. Primitive, Reference and Value 首先将这三种类型放在一起是不科学的.…

1. 源代码编译为托管模块 程序在.NET框架下运行,首先要将源代码编译为 托管模块.CLR是一个可以被多种语言所使用的运行时,它的很多特性可以用于所有面向它的开发语言.微软开发了多种语言的编译器,编译时会使用相应的编译 器进行语法检查器和代码分析器,在编译完成后都生成一个托管模块. 托管模块? 托管模块是一个需要CLR环境才能执行的标准windows PE文件,包含IL和元数据以及PE表头和CLR表头. IL又叫托管代码,是编译器编译源文件后产生的指令,CLR会在运行时将IL编译成本地CPU指…

from:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms229335.aspx 我们平时在VS.net里引用的那些类库就是从这里来的 The .NET Framework class library is a library of classes, interfaces, and value types that provides access to system functionality and is designed to be the foundat…

Dispose模式是.NET中很基础也很重要的一个模式,今天重新复习一下相关的东西并记录下来. 什么是Dispose模式? 什么时候我们该为一个类型实现Dispose模式 使用Dispose模式时应该注意什么? 怎样实现一个Dispose模式? Dispose模式的例子 什么是Dispose模式? 要知道什么是Dispose模式必须先了解两个概念:资源和GC的基本原理.资源指的是一些类似于Windows句柄,数据库连接的非内存的一些本地资源,这些资源无法被运行时本身管理,需要程序员自己去申请和释…

http://embarcadero.newsgroups.archived.at/public.delphi.rtl/201112/1112035763.html > Hi,>> What is the difference between these two definitions:>>  TThreadMethod = procedure of object;>  TThreadProcedure = reference to procedure;>>…

扫扫关注"茶爸爸"微信公众号 坚持最初的执着,从不曾有半点懈怠,为优秀而努力,为证明自己而活. Mapper XML Files The true power of MyBatis is in the Mapped Statements. This is where the magic happens. For all of their power, the Mapper XML files are relatively simple. Certainly if you were to…

Dispose模式 Dispose模式是.NET中很基础也很重要的一个模式,今天重新复习一下相关的东西并记录下来. 什么是Dispose模式? 什么时候我们该为一个类型实现Dispose模式 使用Dispose模式时应该注意什么? 怎样实现一个Dispose模式? Dispose模式的例子 什么是Dispose模式? 要知道什么是Dispose模式必须先了解两个概念:资源和GC的基本原理.资源指的是一些类似于Windows句柄,数据库连接的非内存的一些本地资源,这些资源无法被运行时本身管理,需要…

Introduction Whilst JSON is a compact and easy to read cross-language storage and data exchange format, the flexibility that it offers sometimes requires some custom handling to parse the data. If you are not familiar with JSON, then here is a defini…

SAP T CODE : Description (Program) V : Quickstart RKCOWUSL (RKCOWUSL)V+01 : Create Sales Call (SAPMV43A)V+02 : Create Telephone Call (SAPMV43A)V+03 : Create Sales Letter (SAPMV43A)V+11 : Create Direct Mailing (SAPMV43A)V+21 : Create Sales Prospect (S…

也许你编程的时候很小心,注意不引起内存泄露,例如不要被全局Static的变量引用上,注意Singleton的static引用,注意Event Handler注销,注意IDisposable接口实现,而且正确实现了IDisposable.但或许你还是有内存泄露,为何?因为你的IDisposable接口根本没有被触发!为什么?参考MSDN这个页面的”Dispose method not invoked ”章节.还有其它的内存泄露原因,比如第三方组件或框架,框架本身的内存泄露问题,已经框架本身有Lif…

Hive Tutorial 目录 Hive Tutorial 1.Concepts 1.1.What Is Hive 1.2.What Hive Is NOT 1.3.Getting Started 1.4.Data Units 1.5.Type System 1.5.1.Primitive Types 1.5.2.Complex Types 1.5.3.Timestamp 1.6.Built In Operators and Functions 1.6.1.Built In Operators…

benifit: 1.make developers extremely productive is code reuse, which is the ability to derive a class that inherits all of the capabilities of a base class. The derived class can simply override virtual methods or add some new methods to customize th…

1.Instance Constructors and Classes (Reference Types) Constructors methods : 1.allow an instance of a type to be initialized to a good state. 2.are always called .ctor (for constructor) in a method definition metadata table. 3.When creating an instan…

1.The Different Kinds of Type Members 1.Constants:a symbol that identifies a never-changing data value.Constants are always associated with a type, not an instance of a type. Logically, constants are always static members 2.Fields:represents a read-o…

This article explains the internal architecture of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The following diagram show the key internal components of a typical JVM that conforms toThe Java Virtual Machine Specification Java SE 7 Edition. The components shown…

Understanding how Java code is compiled into byte code and executed on a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is critical because it helps you understand what is happening as your program executes. This understanding not only ensures that language features mak…

近一段时间多次发现因GC问题造成系统性能问题(应用服务间歇性响应缓慢.应用服务器CPU占用较高等),在此总结一下: 1.代码中直接调用GC.Collect() 2.字符串等操作频繁的内存申请 3.频繁的LoadAssembly反射 场景一:直接调用GC.Collect() 149 Id: 3828.51c Suspend: 0 Teb: 000007ff`ffda0000 Unfrozen # Child-SP RetAddr Call Site 00 00000000`2a7e7fd8 000…