We learn what a natural transformation is and see the laws it must obey. We will see how a natural transformation must uphold the law of nt(x).map(f) == nt(x.map(f)) The rule is: "We have functor nt holding x, map to function f" should equals to…
We see three varied examples of where natural transformations come in handy. const Right = x => ({ chain : f => f(x), ap : other => other.map(x), traverse : (of, f) => f(x).map(Right), map : f => Right(f(x)), fold : (f, g) => g(x), conca…
The expression T(v) converts the value v to the type T. Some numeric conversions: var i int = 42 var f float64 = float64(i) var u uint = uint(f) Or, put more simply: i := 42 f := float64(i) u := uint(f) Unlike in C, in Go assignment between items of…
This section deals with more theoretical aspects of types. A type system is a set of rules used by a language to structure and organize its collection of types. We use the term object (or data object) to denote both the storage and the stored value.…
Type system[edit] Main articles: Data type, Type system, and Type safety A type system defines how a programming language classifies values and expressions into types, how it can manipulate those types and how they interact. The goal of a type system…
类型系统的属性: 1.结构属性: 2.规则属性:类型系统定义了一套规则(内部数据的访问规则.函数的访问规则.类型的比较与转化规则),以供编译和运行时进行检查. In programming languages, a type system is a set of rules that assigns a property called type to the various constructs of a computer program, such as variables, expressi…
原文地址:https://www.infoq.com/articles/reactor-by-example Key takeaways Reactor is a reactive streams library targeting Java 8 and providing an Rx-conforming API It uses the same approach and philosophy as RxJava despite some API differences It is a 4th…
Background C++ is one of the main development languages used by many of Google's open-source projects. As every C++ programmer knows, the language has many powerful features, but this power brings with it complexity, which in turn can make code more…
Object Oriented Programming python new concepts of the object oriented programming : class encapsulation inheritance polymorphism the three features of an object are : identity, state and behaviora class is an abstraction which regroup objects who ha…
Contents Tutorial Hello, World Command-Line Arguments Finding Duplicate Lines A Web Server Loose Ends Program Structure Names Declarations Variables Assignments Type Declarations Packages and Files Scope Basic Data Types Integers Floating-Point Numbe…
[Game Engine Architecture 2] 1.endian swap 函数 floating-point endian-swapping:将浮点指针reinterpert_cast 成整数指针,或使用 union 变成整形来swap. 2.metric (SI) units like kilobytes (kB) and megabytes (MB) are power of 10. kilo means 10^3, not 1024. To resolve this ambig…
Google C++ Style Guide Table of Contents Header Files Self-contained Headers The #define Guard Forward Declarations Inline Functions Names and Order of Includes Scoping Namespaces Unnamed Namespaces and Static Variables Nonmember, Static Member, an…
<Item 22> Declare data members private 1.使数据成员private,保持了语法的一致性,client不会为访问一个数据成员是否需要使用括号进行函数调度,还是不使用括号直接访问成员而纠结. 2.使数据成员private,if you use functions to get or set its value, you can implement no access, read-only access, and read-write access. Heck…
SQL Server 中什么情况会导致其执行计划从索引查找(Index Seek)变成索引扫描(Index Scan)呢? 下面从几个方面结合上下文具体场景做了下测试.总结.归纳. 1:隐式转换会导致执行计划从索引查找(Index Seek)变为索引扫描(Index Scan) Implicit Conversion will cause index scan instead of index seek. While implicit conversions occur in SQL Serve…
refer:http://research.swtch.com/interfaces Go Data Structures: Interfaces Posted on Tuesday, December 1, 2009. Go's interfaces—static, checked at compile time, dynamic when asked for—are, for me, the most exciting part of Go from a language design…
16.1 Introduction to SQL Tuning Identifying high load or top SQL statements that are responsible for a large share of the application workload and system resources, by reviewing past SQL execution history available in the system Verifying that the ex…
colah's blog Blog About Contact Neural Networks, Manifolds, and Topology Posted on April 6, 2014 topology, neural networks, deep learning, manifold hypothesis Recently, there’s been a great deal of excitement and interest in deep neural networks beca…
4.Operator Overload Methods allow a type to define how operators should manipulate instances of the type. 1.The CLR doesn’t know anything about operator overloading because it doesn’t even know what an operator is. programming language defines what e…
As said at Datatypes In SQLite Version 3: Datatypes In SQLite Version 3 Most SQL database engines (every SQL database engine other than SQLite, as far as we know) uses static, rigid typing. With static typing, the datatype of a value is determined by…
What’s New in C# 3.0 Language Integrated Query(LINQ) - LINQ enables queries to be written in C# program to query both local collections (such as lists or XML documents) or remote data sources (such as a database) Implicitly typed local variabl…