1. Translating Java Classes to Scala Classes Example 1: # a class declaration in Java public class Book{} # Scala equivalent of a class declaration class Book Example 2: # a Java class with a Construtor public class Book{ private final int isbn; priv…

1. Unified Type System Scala has a unified type system, enclosed by the type Any at the top of the hierarchy and the type Nothing at the bottom of the hierarchy. All Scala types inherit from Any. # Using Any, Book extends AnyRef, and x is an Int that…

A trait provides code reusability in Scala by encapsulating method and state and then offing possibility of mixing them into classes thus allowing code reuse. #define Trait Gliding scala> trait Gliding{ | def gliding(){ println("gliding")} |…

Scala's object-oriented collections support mutable and immutable type hierarchies. Also support functional higher-order operations such as map, filter, and reduce that let you use expression-oriented programming in collections. Higher-order operatio…

The basic functional cornerstones of Scala: immutable data types, passing of functions as parameters and pattern matching. 1. Basic Pattern Matching In Scala, your cases can include types, wildcards, sequences, regular expressions, and so forth. scal…

1. Functional programming treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical and avoids state and mutable data. Scala encourages an expression-oriented programming(EOP) 1) In expression-oriented programming every statement is an expression. A state…

1. The three principles of OOP are encapsulation(封装性), inheritance(继承性) and polymorphism(多态性). example: class Shape{ def area: Double = 0.0 } # supertype # subtypes class Rectangle(val width: Double, val height: Double) extends Shape{ override def ar…

1. Variables (1) Three ways to define variables: 1) val refers to define an immutable variable; scala> val x = x: Int = scala> x*x res4: Int = scala> res4 + # use result as a value res6: Int = scala> res4 + res6 res7: Int = scala> x = # x i…

TestNG 插件在线安装 Help -> Install New Software -> Add -> Paste TestNG url to Add:  http://testng.org/eclipse-beta -> OK -> Select All -> click Next -> Finished. NOTE: since TestNG Eclipse Plugin 6.9.10, there is a new optional plug-in for…

Chapter 1.6 : Information Theory     Chapter 1.6 : Information Theory Christopher M. Bishop, PRML, Chapter 1 Introdcution 1. Information h(x) Given a random variable and we ask how much information is received when we observe a specific value for thi…