I.3 Diploids with two alleles: Hardy-Weinberg laws 假设子代是Aa,AA,aa的概率分别是PAa,PAA,Paa,A的基因概率是P1,a的基因概率是P2(可以利用基因的数量来理解) (P1也是配子A的概率,P2也是配子a的概率,因为在单倍体阶段等于把二倍体(两套遗传信息的组合)拆开,看到每个基因的所有等位基因): random mating of individuals gave the same results as random combin…