extraction from The C++ Programming Language 4th. ed., Section 7.7 References, Bjarne Stroustrup To reflect the lvalue/rvalue and const/non-const distinctions, there are three kinds of references: lvalue references: to refer to objects whose value we…

1 There are certain rules when using references: (Page 451) A reference must be initialized when it is created. (Pointers can be initialized at any time.) Once a reference is initialized to an object, it cannot be changed to refer to another object.…

一.引用 引用是别名 必须在定义引用时进行初始化.初始化是指明引用指向哪个对象的唯一方法. const 引用是指向 const 对象的引用: ; const int &refVal = ival; // ok: both reference and object are const int &ref2 = ival; // error: non const reference to a const object 可以读取但不能修改 refVal ,因此,任何对 refVal 的赋值都是不合…

没找到具体原因,MSDN看到下面这句,VC是从2008才有这一限制的,感觉就是从语法上对临时变量增加了限定,因为一般说来修改一个临时变量是毫无意义的,通过增加限定,强调临时变量只读语义.虽然实际上修改临时变量并不会有问题. Visual Studio 2008 In previous releases of Visual C++, non-const references could be bound to temporary objects. Now, temporary objects ca…

Background C++ is one of the main development languages used by many of Google's open-source projects. As every C++ programmer knows, the language has many powerful features, but this power brings with it complexity, which in turn can make code more…

转载:http://blog.csdn.net/ace_fei/article/details/7386517 说明: C++ Primer, Fourth Edition (中英文)下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/ace_fei/4165568 以下内容截取自该书籍,都是一些基础而又容易忽略的知识点. 初窥输入/输出 endl 是一个特殊值,称为操纵符,将它写入输出流时,具有输出换行的效果,并刷新与设备相关联的缓冲区.通过刷新缓冲区,用户可立即看到写入…

A compiler vendor would typically implement a reference as a pointer. Pointers tend to be the same size as or larger than many of the built-in types. For these built-in types the same amount of data would be passed whether you passed by value or by r…

李开复曾在微博上说过,Google的C++代码规范是全球最好的一份C++代码规范,没有之一.最近花了点时间看了下这份代码规范,收获确实很大,在编程过程中一些乱七八糟的坏习惯也该改一改了.最新的英文版见http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml,2009年有人翻译的一份见http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/19210212.html?sudaref=www.google.com.hk&r…

Functions Functions allow to structure programs in segments of code to perform individual tasks. In C++, a function is a group of statements that is given a name, and which can be called from some point of the program. The most common syntax to defin…

openssl 1.1.1 include/openssl aes.h: # define HEADER_AES_H aes.h: # define AES_ENCRYPT 1 aes.h: # define AES_DECRYPT 0 aes.h: # define AES_MAXNR 14 aes.h: # define AES_BLOCK_SIZE 16 aes.h: struct aes_key_st { aes.h: unsigned long rd_key[4 * (AES_MAXN…