若f(x)为区间I上的下凸(上凸)函数,则对于任意xi∈I和满足∑λi=1的λi>0(i=1,2,...,n),成立: \[f(\sum ^{n} _{i=1} \lambda _{i}x_{i})\leq \sum ^{n} _{i=1} \lambda _{i} f(x_{i}) \qquad (f(\sum ^{n}_{i=1}\lambda _{i}x_{i})\geq \sum ^{n}_{i=1}\lambda _{i}f(x_{i}))\] 特别地,取λi=1/n (i=1,2,…