先看一下语言模型的输出格式 \data\ ngram = ngram = ngram = \-grams: -5.24036 'cause -0.2084827 -4.675221 'em -0.221857 -4.989297 'n -0.05809768 -5.365303 'til -0.1855581 -2.111539 </s> 0.0 - <s> -0.7736475 -1.128404 <unk> -0.8049794 -2.271447 a -0.616

关于n-gram 语言模型,大部分在这篇博客里 记过了,   SRILM 语言模型格式解读 , 其实看完了,ngram的大概用法都比较清楚了, 但是关于平滑算法,一直很模糊,就晓得一个"劫富济贫" ,也不知 回退 ,插值,折扣,平滑,都说的什么东西,模模糊糊的,找了很多资料,还是看官方文档吧,看具体公式,就明白了.   看全部翻译 参考 :   Ngram 折扣平滑算法 ,本文里夹带着自己的一些理解.  本文档翻译自 srilm 手册ngram-discount.7.html NAME

在学习NLP过程中,遇到了Good-turning的介绍,网上找了相关的资料查看,总结如下. 思想: 其主要思想是从概率的总量中分配少量的比例给零概率项. 思路: 假定给定的语料库中出现 \(r\)次数的词有\(N_r\)个,则有 \[N = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty }rN_r \] 当\(r\)较小时,我们使用\(d_r\)代替\(r\),这里\(d_r < r\),\(d_r\)的值可有下式表示 \[d_r = ( r+1 )N_{r+1}/N_r \] 其期望可以表示为 \[

SRILM是一个建立和使用统计语言模型的开源工具包,从1995年开始由SRI 口语技术与研究实验室(SRI Speech Technology and Research Laboratory)开发,现在仍然不断推出新版本,被广泛应用于语音识别.机器翻译等领域.这个工具包包含一组C++类库.一组进行语言模型训练和应用的可执行程序等.利用它可以非常方便地训练和应用语言模型.给定一组连续的词,调用SRILM提供的接口,可以得到这组词出现的概率. http://www.jianshu.com/p/5b1

目录: 一基本训练 二语言模型打分 三语言模型剪枝 四语言模型合并 五语言模型使用词典限制 一.基本训练 #功能 读取分词后的text文件或者count文件,然后用来输出最后汇总的count文件或者语言模型 #参数 输入文本: -read 读取count文件 -text 读取分词后的文本文件 词典文件: -vocab 限制text和count文件的单词,没有出现在词典的单词替换为<unk>:如果没有,所有的单词将会被自动加入词典 -limit-vocab 只限制count文件的单词(对text

1.简介 SRILM是通过统计方法构建语言模型,主要应用于语音识别,文本标注和切分,以及机器翻译等. SRILM支持语言模型的训练和评测,通过训练数据得到语言模型,其中包括最大似然估计及相应的平滑算法:评测是计算测试集的困惑度.其最基础和最核心的模块是n-gram模块,包括两个工 具:ngram-count和ngram,被用来估计语言模型和计算语言模型的困惑度. 2.使用方法 (1).语料初始化 a.数据清洗        b.分词(以空格划分)        c.将数据分为训练集和测试集 (2

http://52opencourse.com/111/斯坦福大学自然语言处理第四课-语言模型(language-modeling) 一.课程介绍 斯坦福大学于2012年3月在Coursera启动了在线自然语言处理课程,由NLP领域大牛Dan Jurafsky 和 Chirs Manning教授授课:https://class.coursera.org/nlp/ 以下是本课程的学习笔记,以课程PPT/PDF为主,其他参考资料为辅,融入个人拓展.注解,抛砖引玉,欢迎大家在“我爱公开课”上一起探讨学

训练n-gram语言模型 ngram-count -text train.txt -order -lm model -kndiscount -interpolate -gt3min -gt4min 计算生成PPL ngram -lm model -order -ppl test.txt -debug 2> srilm.ppl ppl与ppl1有和区别? ppl = 10^(-logprob / (words - OOVs + sentences)) ppl1 = 10^(-logprob / (

官网 网上搜的安装教程:SRILM的安装方法 最近做的一个项目要用到语言模型,在网上找了一些开源的工具包试了一下.废话不多说,下面直接介绍一下SRILM的安装方法. 我实在ubuntu14.04底下使用SRILM. SRILM的下载地址(我使用的是1.7.1版本) 1.安装 tcl 有用SRILM要用到tcl工具的一些功能,所以我先装了tcl. tcl的下载地址(我使用的是 tcl8.6.5-src.tar.gz) 在tcl解压包的unix文件夹中的README文件介绍了tcl的安装方法.其实也

一.语言模型 旨在:给一个句子或一组词计算一个联合概率 作用: 机器翻译:用以区分翻译结果的好坏 拼写校正:某一个拼错的单词是这个单词的概率更大,所以校正 语音识别:语音识别出来是这个句子的概率更大 总结或问答系统 相关任务:在原句子的基础上,计算一个新词的条件概率,该概率与P(w1w2w3w4w5)息息相关. 任何一个模型计算以上两个概率的,我们都称之为语言模型LM. 二.如何计算概率 方法:依赖概率的链式规则 从而有: 问题:如何预估这些概率 方法一:计数和细分 但是不可能做到! 原因:句子

一.背景 近期研究了一下语言模型,同事推荐了一个比较好用的工具包kenlm,记录下使用过程. 二.使用kenlm训练 n-gram 1.工具介绍:http://kheafield.com/code/kenlm/ 2.工具包的下载地址:http://kheafield.com/code/kenlm.tar.gz 3.解压后运行,./bjam 进行编译 4.使用如下命令进行训练:bin/lmplz -o 5 --verbose_header --text data/chat_log.txt --ar

主要两个方面 Probabilistic modeling 概率建模,神经网络模型尝试去预测一个概率分布 Cross-entropy作为误差函数使得我们可以对于观测到的数据 给予较高的概率值 同时可以解决saturation的问题 前面提到的线性隐层的降维作用(减少训练参数)     这是一个最初版的神经网络语言模型     选取什么要的loss function,为什么用cross-entropy,为什么不用squared loss呢? 首先 可以看到 cross-entropy更能从数值上体

一.发展 起源:统计语言模型起源于 Ponte 和 Croft 在 1998年的 SIGIR上发表的论文 应用:语言模型的应用很多: corsslingual retrieval distributed IR expert finding passage retrieval web search genomics retrieval 基因组学检索 topic tracking subtopic retrieval 二.basic model 1.Ponte and Croft 核心思想:quer

原文转载:http://licstar.net/archives/328 Deep Learning 算法已经在图像和音频领域取得了惊人的成果,但是在 NLP 领域中尚未见到如此激动人心的结果.关于这个原因,引一条我比较赞同的微博. @王威廉:Steve Renals算了一下icassp录取文章题目中包含deep learning的数量,发现有44篇,而naacl则有0篇.有一种说法是,语言(词.句子.篇章等)属于人类认知过程中产生的高层认知抽象实体,而语音和图像属于较为底层的原始输入信号,所以

Ubuntu 64bit系统下SRILM的配置 依赖软件包(先进行): 1.c/c++ compiler:编译器gcc 3.4.3及以上版本,我的是gcc 4.4 2.GNU make:构建和管理工程的工具,解释Makefile里的指令,描述了整个工程所有文件的编译顺序和编译规则.这里是为了控制SRILM的编译和安装. 3.GNU gawk:GNU所做的awk程序语言.对于文字资料的修改,对比,抽取等处理,使用c或passcal等不方便且费时,awk能够以很短的程序完成.这里是处理SRILM里的

前一篇文章  用 CNTK 搞深度学习 (一) 入门    介绍了用CNTK构建简单前向神经网络的例子.现在假设读者已经懂得了使用CNTK的基本方法.现在我们做一个稍微复杂一点,也是自然语言挖掘中很火的一个模型: 用递归神经网络构建一个语言模型. 递归神经网络 (RNN),用图形化的表示则是隐层连接到自己的神经网络(当然只是RNN中的一种): 不同于普通的神经网络,RNN假设样例之间并不是独立的.例如要预测“上”这个字的下一个字是什么,那么在“上”之前出现过的字就很重要,如果之前出现过“工作”,

参考博文:Ubuntu 64位系统下SRILM的配置详解 来源52nlp www.52nlp.cn 首先下载SRILM 解压缩到home即可 然后需要修改MakeFile文件: # SRILM = /home/noah/srilm SRILM = /home/noah/srilm #MACHINE_TYPE := $(shell $(SRILM)/sbin/machine-type) MACHINE_TYPE := i686-m64 之后修改srilm/common/makefile.i686-

语言模型简介(Language Model) 简单的说,语言模型 (Language Model) 是用来计算一个句子出现概率的模型,假设句子  ,其中  代表句子中的第  个词语,则语句 W 以该顺序出现的概率可以表示为: 其中 ,  $p(w_n|w_1^{n-1}) = p(w_n|w_1,w_2,...,w_{n-1})$  ,  $ p(w_n|w_1^{n-1})$ 即为 Language Model 的参数,.通常参数的求解用方法是 N-gram 模型,最大熵模型,HMM,CRF

转自licstar,真心觉得不错,可惜自己有些东西没有看懂 这篇博客是我看了半年的论文后,自己对 Deep Learning 在 NLP 领域中应用的理解和总结,在此分享.其中必然有局限性,欢迎各种交流,随便拍. Deep Learning 算法已经在图像和音频领域取得了惊人的成果,但是在 NLP 领域中尚未见到如此激动人心的结果.关于这个原因,引一条我比较赞同的微博. @王威廉:Steve Renals算了一下icassp录取文章题目中包含deep learning的数量,发现有44篇,而na

PocketSphinx语音识别系统语言模型的训练和声学模型的改进 zouxy09@qq.com http://blog.csdn.net/zouxy09 关于语音识别的基础知识和sphinx的知识,详细能够參考我的另外两篇博文: 语音识别的基础知识与CMUsphinx介绍: http://blog.csdn.net/zouxy09/article/details/7941585 PocketSphinx语音识别系统的编译.安装和使用: http://blog.csdn.net/zouxy09/